植物生理

This article gives an overview of basic computational methods that are commonly used for analyzing small molecule screening data in the chemical genomics field. First, we introduce cheminformatic concepts for analyzing drug-like small molecule structures and their properties. S ...

Chemical Biology is a strong tool to perform experimental procedures to study the Endomembrane System (ES) in plant biology. In the last few years, several bioactive compounds and their effects upon protein trafficking as well as organelle distribution, identity, and size in plants and yea ...

RNA silencing is a mechanism of gene expression regulation mediated by short noncoding RNAs called small RNAs. Small RNAs can suppress gene expression transcriptionally or posttranscriptionally by base pairing to their targets. In plants, they are involved in a diverse range of pathwa ...

The knowledge of the membrane lipid metabolism in photosynthetic cells is expected to benefit from the availability of inhibitors acting at the level of specific enzymes like MGD1 (E.C. 2.4.1.46) that catalyzes the synthesis of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) in chloroplasts. M ...

Conventional mutant screening in forward genetics research is indispensible to understand the biological operation behind any given phenotype. However, several issues, such as functional redundancy and lethality or sterility resulting from null mutations, frequently imp ...

Chemical genomics is a highly effective approach for understanding complex and dynamic biological processes in plants. A chemical activity can be investigated by a reverse genetics strategy, for which a huge abundance and diversity of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants are readily avail ...

Transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings containing a pathogen-responsive reporter gene allow for convenient high-throughput screening of chemical libraries for compounds that induce plant defense responses. Candidates identified by such screens can be further tested for the ...

Phytohormones are endogenous signalling molecules that regulate plant development, adaptation to the environment, and survival. Upon internal or external stimuli, hormones are quickly accumulated and perceived, which in turn activates specific signalling cascades regu ...

Protein trafficking to the yeast vacuole has been extensively studied using a series of deletion mutants. In these genetic screens, mis-targeted vacuolar cargo proteins were used as phenotype markers. Here we describe a similar approach employing pharmacological effects of diverse ...

The gene families that encode the vesicle trafficking machinery in plants are highly expanded compared to those from protists and animals. As such, classical genetic screens for mutants with lesions in these genes are fraught with issues of redundancy and lethality. A chemical genomics ap ...

Endomembrane cycling processes in plants remain mostly intractable through classical genetic interrogation. Chemical disruption of these processes provides an opportunity to slow or inhibit these processes for study. Tobacco pollen, which is dependent upon endomembrane c ...

A seed is competent to respond to light soon after imbibition. A new developmental program begins in or on the ground where the young seedling may be exposed to heat, cold, drought, flooding (anoxia), salts, varying levels of visible light, and the topic of this paper, ultraviolet radiation. Herein what ...

Rab proteins are key regulators of membrane transport in eukaryotes. Recent evidence from different species supports the notion that some Rab proteins are crucial for cytokinesis, a pivotal procedure for successful cell division. As a family of monomeric small GTPases of the Ras superfa ...

In eukaryotic cells, a large number of proteins are transported to their final destination after translation by a process called intracellular trafficking. Transient gene expression, either in plant protoplasts or in specific plant tissues, is a fast, flexible, and reproducible appr ...

Lipid modifications play a key role in protein targeting and function. The two Arabidopsis Gγ subunits, AGG1 and AGG2, have been shown to undergo prenylation (AGG1) and S-acylation (AGG2). Prenylation involves covalent nonreversible attachment of either farnesyl (15 carbons) or geran ...

Myristoylation is a lipid modification conserved among eukaryotes and involves the addition of a 14-carbon myristoyl moiety to a glycine at the N-terminus of cargo proteins. Since not every protein with an N-terminal glycine is myristoylated, experimental verification is necessary ...

S-acylation is increasingly being recognized as an important posttranslational modification of proteins controlling activity, subcellular localization, microdomain residence, and stability. Heterotrimeric G-proteins and GPCRs are particularly well studied S-a ...

Protein prenylation, like other lipid posttranslational modifications of eukaryotic proteins, plays important roles in protein–membrane association and protein–protein interactions. In Arabidopsis, hundreds of proteins involved in a great variety of biological proc ...

Heterotrimeric G-proteins are important signaling intermediates in all eukaryotes. These proteins link signal perception by a cell surface localized receptor to the downstream effectors of a given signaling pathways. The minimal core of the heterotrimeric G-protein complex co ...

Genomic sequencing has provided a vast resource for identifying interesting genes, but often an exact “gene-of-interest” is unknown and is only described as putatively present in a genome by an observed phenotype, or by the known presence of a conserved signaling cascade, such as that facilit ...