细胞功能测定

Targeted mRNA localization to distinct subcellular sites occurs throughout the eukaryotes and presumably allows for the localized translation of proteins near their site of function. Specific mRNAs have been localized in cells using a variety of reliable methods, such as fluoresce ...

RNA metabolism involves regulatory processes, such as transcription, splicing, nuclear export, transport and localization, association with sites of RNA modification, silencing and decay, and necessitates a wide variety of diverse RNA-interacting proteins. These interac ...

RNA affinity tags (aptamers) have emerged as useful tools for the isolation of RNAs and ribonucleoprotein complexes from cell extracts. The streptavidin binding RNA aptamer binds with high affinity and is quickly and cleanly eluted with biotin under mild conditions that retain intact co ...

A detailed understanding of post-transcriptional gene expression is necessary to correlate the different elements involved in the many levels of RNA–protein interactions that are needed to coordinate the cellular biomolecular machinery. The profile of mRNA, a major component of t ...

RNA localisation is an important mode of delivering proteins to their site of function. Cis-acting signals within the RNAs, which can be thought of as zip-codes, determine the site of localisation. There are few examples of fully characterised RNA signals, but the signals are thought to be defined ...

mRNA molecules are tightly regulated, mostly through interactions with proteins and other RNAs, but the mechanisms that confer the specificity of such interactions are poorly understood. It is clear, however, that this specificity is determined by both the nucleotide sequence and sec ...

Receptors on the surface of cells function as conduits for information flowing between the external environment and the cell interior. Since signal transduction is based on the physical interaction of receptors with both extracellular ligands and intracellular effectors, ligand ...

Interaction of the integrin receptors with ligands determines the molecular basis of integrin-dependent cell adhesion. Integrin ligands are typically large proteins with relatively low binding affinities. This makes direct ligand-binding kinetic measurements somewhat ...

The role of integrins in leukocyte migration across endothelial barriers is widely accepted. In contrast, the contribution of integrins to interstitial motility of leukocytes is still elusive. Chemokine binding to G-protein-coupled receptors expressed on the surface of leukoc ...

Integrins play critical roles in adhesion and migration of T cells during an immune response and inflammation. It is of great importance to understand the molecular pathways that regulate integrin function in T cells. Lentiviral vector-based gene transfer method has emerged in the past de ...

Integrin LFA-1 plays an important role in leukocyte trafficking to inflammatory sites as well as the interaction of T cells with antigen-presenting cells. Inhibition of the LFA-1:ICAM-1 interactions is a promising therapeutic approach for alleviating inflammation and autoimmune ...

Measurements on the kinetic aspects of binding between macromolecular species such as proteins have been greatly advanced by the application of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors. In studies of ligand binding by integrin I domains, technologies such as the BIAcore instrume ...

Specific interactions between proteins are a fundamental process underlying the various biological events, such as cell–cell contacts, signal transduction, and gene expression. Therefore, the structural investigations of protein–protein interactions provide useful ...

Integrins are cell adhesion molecules that play important roles in many biological processes including hemostasis, immune responses, development, and cancer. Their adhesiveness is dynamically regulated through a process termed inside-out signaling. In addition, ligand bi ...

Single molecule techniques are used to characterize the biophysical properties of individual molecules in a mechanically well-controlled environment. The information obtained from direct force measurements can provide the dynamic adhesion forces of cell adhesion molecu ...

Rotary-shadowed samples often used for electron microscopy do not preserve native integrin conformations. Negatively stained integrins – or, more desirably, unstained integrins in a cryo-condition – are now being used with sophisticated imaging techniques. Additionally, a si ...

Cell adhesion depends on combinational expression and interactions of a large number of adhesion molecules at cell-to-cell or cell-to-matrix contact sites. Integrins and their immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) ligands represent foremost classes of cell adhesion molecules in ...

Integrins and cell adhesion molecules are required for cell adhesion and movement, as well as various biological functions such as development or immune responses. To elucidate their in vivo functions, mice lacking these molecules have been generated and various phenotypes analyzed. ...

Integrins are adhesive proteins that have evolved to mediate cell–cell and cell–matrix communication that is indispensable for development and postnatal physiology. Despite their widespread expression, the genetic deletion of specific integrin family members in lower orga ...

Cell migration requires actin/myosin-mediated membrane protrusion of a pseudopodium (or lamellipodium) and its attachment to the substratum. This process guides the direction of cell movement through cytoskeletal remodeling and is regulated by complex signaling networks t ...