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DNA Analysis with a Photo-Diode Array Sensor

A simple instrument or device for easy DNA analysis is required. A combination of bioluminometric assay and photo-detection with an inexpensive photo-diode array provides a simple instrument for various DNA analyses. Its characteristics and applications for DNA analyses are descr ...

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Photodiode Array On-chip Biosensor for the Detection of E. coli O157:H7 Pathogenic Bacteria

An integrated circuit (IC) of photodiode array (PDA) microchip system was used for the on-chip detection of E. coli O157:H7 based on an enzymatic bioassay and light absorption property of the reaction product. The PDA microchip consisting of an array of 12 � 12 photodiode detection elements served ...

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Fluoroimmunoassays Using the NRL Array Biosensor

Array-based biosensor technology offers the user the ability to detect and quantify multiple targets in multiple samples simultaneously (Analytical Sciences 23:5–10, 2007). The NRL Array Biosensor has been developed with the aim of creating a system for sensitive, rapid, on-site scre ...

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A Simple Portable Electroluminescence Illumination-Based CCD Detector

In this chapter we describe a simple and relatively inexpensive Electroluminescence (EL) illumination and charged-coupled device (CCD) camera (EL-CCD) based detector for monitoring florescence and colorimetric assays. The portable battery-operated florescence detec ...

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Optical System Design for Biosensors Based on CCD Detection

The use of Charge Coupled Device (CCD) detectors as an integral part of a biosensing system has become widespread in recent years due to several advantages of this type of detection, such as the ability to image multiple zones on the sensor, the flexibility of defining the sensing configuration and t ...

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Simple Luminescence Detector for Capillary Electrophoresis

The performance of a homemade, simple, fluorescence-induced capillary electrophoresis (CE) detector is described here. It is based on LED as excitation source, a bifurcated optical fibre as a waveguide and a CCD as a photodetector. The connection of all the components is fairly easy, even for no ...

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CCD Camera Detection of HIV Infection

Rapid and precise quantification of the infectivity of HIV is important for molecular virologic studies, as well as for measuring the activities of antiviral drugs and neutralizing antibodies. An indicator cell line, a CCD camera, and image-analysis software were used to quantify HIV inf ...

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Label-Free Serodiagnosis on a Grating Coupler

The unique feature of the label-free measurement techniques for screening specific binding molecules against a certain ligand is that knowledge about the analyte is not required. Due to the direct monitoring of the binding event, no further detection step, e.g., by a fluorescently labeled a ...

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Surface Plasmon Resonance and Surface Plasmon Field-Enhanced Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Sensitive Detection of Tumor Markers

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR), which provides real-time, in situ analysis of dynamic surface events, is a valuable tool for studying interactions between biomolecules. In the clinical diagnosis of tumor markers in human blood, SPR is applied to detect the formation of a sandwich-type imm ...

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Light Microscopy

The light microscope so called because it employs visible light to detect small objects is probably the most well-known and well-used research tool in biology. Yet many students and teachers are unawa ...

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USE OF THE LIGHT MICROSCOPE

USE OF THE LIGHT MICROSCOPEEach time the microscope is to be used it should be set up correctly to give a good image. Most often users forget to adjust the iris diaphragm and focus the condenser to gi ...

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Use of Semi-Thin Cryosections for Light Microscopy.

Use of Semi-Thin Cryosections for Light Microscopy.Semi-thin sections can be obtained from frozen blocks of cryoprotected biological material by sectioning at -90°C. The advantages for using these sec ...

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Microscopes in Cell Biology

Microscopes in Cell BiologyIntroductionMicroscopy has a major role in the study of cells. From the very beginning researchers have tried to develop ways of looking directly at living cells. This direc ...

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Dark Field Viewing

Dark Field Viewing Principle To view a specimen in dark field an opaque disc is placed underneath the condenser lens so that only light that is scattered by objects on the slide can reach the eye (fig ...

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Dark Field Viewing

Dark Field Viewing Principle To view a specimen in dark field an opaque disc is placed underneath the condenser lens so that only light that is scattered by objects on the slide can reach the eye (fig ...

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Phase Contrast Microscopy

Phase Contrast MicroscopyPrincipleMost of the detail of living cells is undetectable in bright field microscopy because there is too little contrast between structures with similar transparency and no ...

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Phase Contrast Microscopy

Phase Contrast MicroscopyPrincipleMost of the detail of living cells is undetectable in bright field microscopy because there is too little contrast between structures with similar transparency and no ...

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Microscopy with Oil Immersion

Microscopy with Oil ImmersionPrinciple When light passes from a material of one refractive index to material of another as from glass to air or from air to glass it bends. Light of different wavelengt ...

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Microscopy with Oil Immersion

Microscopy with Oil ImmersionPrinciple When light passes from a material of one refractive index to material of another as from glass to air or from air to glass it bends. Light of different wavelengt ...

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Tetrahymena Fixation for Transmission Electron Microscopy

Tetrahymena Fixation for Transmission Electron MicroscopyPellet Tetrahymena cells in a clinical centrifuge.OPTIONAL: Suspend cells in HNMK (50 mM HEPES pH 6.9 36 mM NaCl 0.1 mM Mg acetate 1 mM KCl ) f ...

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