神经生物学

Sexual dysfunction is prevalent among patients with poor emotional health and has been strongly associated with antidepressant medications. This chapter provides an overview of the general experimental approaches for assessing male sexual behavior (MSB) in male mice. One of the mo ...

Measuring motor activity has been one of the most commonly used tools to assess behavior in rodents. The macroscopic measure of behavior called motor activity is actually composed of assemblies of microscopic responses however. These microscopic responses can be measured simultane ...

Animal behavioral tests are useful tools for modeling complex human brain disorders. The Suok test (ST) is a relatively new behavioral paradigm that simultaneously examines anxiety and neurological/vestibular phenotypes in rodents. The novelty and instability of the ST apparatus ...

Telemetry in mice can be a powerful tool for assessing physiological responses to emotional stimuli. It can provide continuously recorded data over the course of the stress response and can be incorporated into established behavioral paradigms and procedures in a relatively seamless ...

Assays of social approach behavior involve measuring the social investigatory behavior of a subject mouse toward a stimulus mouse. Such assays represent a phenotyping tool that may be applied to mouse models of mood and anxiety disorders, as well as other neuropsychiatric disease, to unde ...

There are a plethora of whole animal models that are utilized to assess the neurobiological substrates involved in complex constructs affecting the human condition, such as anxiety. One such behavioral measure that utilizes a conditioned response that can be utilized to assess the neuro ...

The four-plate test (FPT) is an animal model of anxiety based on spontaneous response. Animals are exposed to a novel environment. The exploration of this novel surrounding is suppressed by the delivery of mild electric foot shock contingent to quadrant crossing. Animal can only escape from th ...

The use of hyponeophagia, in which exposure to a novel environment suppresses feeding behavior, has been used to assess anxiety-related behavior in animals for over seven decades. More recent work has shown that variations of hyponeophagia, such as the novelty-suppressed feeding test, h ...

Processing text from scientific literature has become a necessity due to the burgeoning amounts of information that are fast becoming available, stemming from advances in electronic information technology. We created a program, NeuroText (http://senselab.med.yale.edu/tex ...

Data interoperability between well-defined domains is currently performed by leveraging Web services. In the biosciences, more specifically in neuroscience, robust data interoperability is more difficult to achieve due to data heterogeneity, continuous domain changes, and ...

To determine effective database architecture for a specific neuroscience application, one must consider the distinguishing features of research databases and the requirements that the particular application must meet. Research databases manage diverse types of data, and th ...

EXtensible Markup Language (XML) technology provides an ideal representation for the complex structure of models and neuroscience data, as it is an open file format and provides a language-independent method for storing arbitrarily complex structured information. XML is composed ...

The insufficiency of terminological standards in neuroscience is increasingly recognized as a serious obstacle to interoperability. Adoption of a controlled vocabulary is a successful solution for small numbers of groups that work closely together but is impractical for large n ...

The electrical activity of individual neurons and neuronal networks is shaped by the complex interplay of a large number of non-linear processes, including the voltage-dependent gating of ion channels and the activation of synaptic receptors. These complex dynamics make it difficult ...

The GEneral NEural SImulation System (GENESIS) is an open source simulation platform for realistic modeling of systems ranging from subcellular components and biochemical reactions to detailed models of single neurons, simulations of large networks of realistic neurons, and sy ...

Quantifying the effect of a genetic manipulation or disease is a complicated process in a population of animals. Probabilistic brain atlases can capture population variability and be used to quantify those variations in anatomy as measured by structural imaging. Minimum deformation ...

This chapter describes the use of high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology in brain odor mapping and a suite of informatics tools for building, databasing, and analyzing fMRI odor maps. OdorMapBuilder is a software program that extracts the olfactory ...

Analysis of functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain images requires a complex sequence of data processing steps to proceed from raw image data to the final statistical tests. Neuroimaging researchers have begun to apply workflow-based computing techniq ...

We outline the theory behind complex trait analysis and systems genetics and describe web-accessible resources including GeneNetwork (GN) that can be used for rapid exploratory analysis and hypothesis testing. GN, in particular, is a tightly integrated suite of bioinformatics too ...

Receptor distributions in the brain are studied by autoradiographic mapping in brain slices, which is a labor-intensive and expensive procedure. To keep track of the results of such studies, we have designed CoReDat, a multi-user relational database system that is available for download f ...