抗体抗原实验

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease, which predominantly occurs in females and is characterized by autoantibody production against a host of nuclear self-antigens and deposition of proinflammatory immune complexes in the organs including kidn ...

Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) is a relatively rare disorder with prevalence rates between 5 and 50 per 100,000 population. This means performing any epidemiological analysis in a specific research center is difficult, due to the low number of cases within any one location. There is a need for ...

Autoreactive CD4+ helper T cells specific for a range of nucleoprotein-derived autoantigens are an important feature of systemic lupus erythematosus, driving B cell differentiation and autoantibody production and contributing to the inflammatory lesions caused by immune co ...

Many studies have explored the pathology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune rheumatic disorder with a striking female predominance. Numerous autoimmune phenomena are present in this disease, which ultimately result in organ damage. However, the specific cellu ...

The last decade has witnessed an explosion in efforts to discover and validate lupus biomarkers. The currently steep trajectory of this progress is unprecedented. However, advances in the lupus biomarker field remain fewer and slower than physicians, patients, and pharmaceutical co ...

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is a relevant characteristic to measure for a number of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) under development. ADCC is a mechanism by which antibody-opsonized, infected, or cancerous cells are destroyed by FcγRIII (C ...

Antigen–antibody complexes in tissues play a central role in the pathogenesis of lupus. Some of the immune complexes are formed in situ, i.e., in the tissues. Others are present in the blood stream, and these circulating immune complexes may deposit in tissues and incite inflammatory mechanisms ...

The antinuclear antibodies (ANA) also known as antinuclear factors (ANF) are unwanted molecules which bind and destroy certain structures within the nucleus. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), they are produced in excess; hence their detection in the blood of patients is important f ...

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a severe autoimmune connective tissue disease. Our current knowledge about the serum proteome, or serum biomarker panels, reflecting disease and disease status is still very limited. Affinity proteomics, represented by recombinant antibo ...

Like other complex retroviruses such as HIV-1, HTLV-1 encodes several regulatory and auxiliary non-structural proteins from overlapping open reading frames through the generation of alternatively spliced mRNAs. HTLV-1 expression is orchestrated by the Tax and Rex regulatory pr ...

TaqMan real-time PCR assays were developed to determine the proviral load (PVL) of human T-cell leukemia viruses type 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of infected subjects. In particular, separate single-plex assays for HTLV-1 tax-1, and HTLV-2 tax-2 and p ...

Human T cell Lymphotropic Viruses 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) are the first described human retroviruses. HTLV-1 is the causative agent of an aggressive malignancy of CD4+ T lymphocytes named adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and of a chronic neurological disease known as HTLV-1-associa ...

Quantitative PCR (qPCR) provides a robust method for quantifying DNA species. By combining modern qPCR techniques with the isolation of small RNA, the polyadenylation of the RNA, and the use of reverse transcriptase to create miRNA derived cDNA, it is now possible to use qPCR to quantify miRNA. This ...

Numerous viral vectors have been developed for the delivery of transgenes to specific target cells. For persistent transgene expression, vectors based on retroviruses are attractive delivery vehicles because of their ability to stably integrate their DNA into the host cell genome. I ...

HIV reservoir measurement in patients is one of the challenges at the time of testing new treatment approaches aiming at eradicating HIV infection. HIV reservoirs are complex and disseminated in a large number of organs and lymphoid tissues. We chose to quantify total cell-associated HIV-D ...

HIV replication in humans proceeds with substantial viral RNA levels in plasma. Antiretroviral therapy results in suppression but not eradication of HIV infection. Continuous therapy is essential for durable clinical responses. Discontinuing antiretroviral therapy resu ...

Dendritic cells (DC) present in the genital tract are one of the first cells to encounter HIV during sexual mucosal transmission. In addition they are able to efficiently transfer the virus to its main target cells, CD4+ T-lymphocytes. As such an understanding of how HIV interacts with and manipula ...

Along with CD4+ T-lymphocytes, macrophage lineage cells serve as primary hosts for HIV replication in vivo. In some tissues such as brain, where T-cell infection is essentially absent, the development of HIV-associated disease is mediated through infection of macrophages. This fact und ...

Human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) infects target cells through interaction with the CD4 molecule and chemokine receptors, mainly the β-chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) and the α-chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). Viral isolates can be phenotypically classified based on the co-recep ...

Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) isolation from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) allows retrieval of replication-competent viral variants. In order to impose the smallest possible selective pressure on the viral isolates, isolation must be carried out in primary ...