实验仪器使用技术

Many movement disorders interfere with skilled movements of the hand and digits, and patients give a high priority to restoration of skilled hand function. Because of both neuroanatomical and behavioural adaptations, the best available model for the study of skilled hand movements is the ...

Functional recovery is the ultimate goal of research into experimental therapy for spinal cord injury (SCI). The effective use of animal models of SCI requires functional assessment methods that can be reliably repeated in different laboratories. The aim of this chapter is to describe some ...

An important outcome measure of effects of treatment for experimental spinal cord injury is excellent histology. One way to achieve this is to prepare the tissue for electron microscopy, which ensures the best preservation and requires resin embedding. “Semi-thin” sections of resin-em ...

Disruption of axonal conduction within the central nervous system has obvious, negative consequences on numerous functions, including the ability to execute movement successfully. One important cause of axonal conduction deficits is primary demyelination, that is, the loss of t ...

Improvements to the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson disease (PD) are dependent upon the identification and molecular understanding of modifiers of neuronal degeneration. Here, we describe the use of multifactorial functional analyses to exploit the experimental attrib ...

Zebrafish, Danio rerio, a subtropical vertebrate has, during the last decades, emerged as an important model organism in neurobiological and biomedical research. The zebrafish neurotransmitter systems, including major small molecular substances and neuropeptides and their ...

Neurodegeneration is largely limited to humans, with spontaneous neurodegenerative conditions being extremely rare in animals. However, whole animal models are crucial for a proper understanding of the neurodegenerative process as well as essential for preclinical assess ...

Electrophysiological approaches have emerged as powerful tools to investigate neuronal activity in diseased states. The subtle changes that precede overt neurological dysfunction and development of behavioral abnormalities in movement disorders can be investigated in ...

Altered synaptic integration is a major factor for many neurological disorders involving the basal ganglia, including Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease. Despite the fact that most synaptic integration occurs within dendrites, nearly all we know about the physiology of ...

Adult transgenic fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) carrying the human gene coding for the protein α-synuclein were tested for geotactic, locomotor, and phototactic behaviors as well as α-synuclein expression. Specific assays in adult conscious flies can be used to determine ge ...

To better understand the mouse models we are working with, it is desirable to be able to probe for underlying functional deficits, which not only provide clues to the neuropathology of the animal, but also provide functional targets for therapeutic interventions. This chapter describes four ...

Almost all nervous system motor disorders result in impaired use of the upper limb. Skilled reaching, including the ability to reach for, grasp, and eat a piece of food (reach-to-eat), when impaired, limits patient independence and quality of life. The present paper describes a rat preclinical mo ...

Here, we describe the systematic mouse phenotyping approach of the German Mouse Clinic (GMC), that works as an open-access phenotyping platform, and of the European Mouse Disease Clinic, which is an EU-funded multi-centre project characterising mutants generated by the large-scale mo ...

Unlike many other imaging techniques, positron emission tomography, PET, necessitates gathering a broad array of competences: biologists/physicians have to interact with physicists, chemists and mathematicians to acquire and analyze PET data. The ensemble of a PET imaging expe ...

The present chapter introduces the potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for in vivo investigations of experimental stroke in rodents. Aspects in setting up the experiment, particular for this technique, are presented as well as considerations for the choice of anaesthesia pr ...

The unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine mouse model has received considerable attention of late as a model complementary to the hemi-parkinsonian rat. Although both species are similar in nature, there are significant differences between the two when conducting stereotaxic surgery, ...

This chapter describes the behavioral methods of our research program for assessing the effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) intoxication in the African green monkey as well as various strategies for reversing those effects. MPTP intoxication has be ...

For investigations into treatment of Parkinson’s disease, the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated primate has become one of the most important and established animal models. Various species of both Old and New world primate have been used, employing diff ...

Since the first identification of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) as a selective neurotoxin for nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in 1983, there have been over 2,000 manuscripts published utilizing this compound in mice, attesting to the value of this mod ...

A common side effect of the pharmacotherapy for treatment of the movement disorder Parkinson’s disease is the development of l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). These are abnormal, involuntary, choreic and dystonic movements that can be very debilitating, and therefore new treatment o ...