遗传学实验技术

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are routinely used as a genetic tool and hold promise for a range of therapeutic applications. However, one of the hurdles of making these agents a real therapeutic modality includes the activation of innate immunity and off-target effects. Therefore, the use of ...

Over the past decade, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising alternative form of cancer treatment with the potential to eradicate tumour metastasis. Unfortunately, its curative potential is in general limited by immunosuppressive proteins that negatively regulate dendrit ...

Nanoparticles made from synthetic polymers have been developed to deliver small interfering RNA (siRNA). For successful siRNA delivery, these nanoparticles need to efficiently encapsulate siRNA, actively target sites of interest, and release siRNA intracellularly. This cha ...

The use of the RNA interference (RNAi) through the expression of small hairpin RNA (shRNA) is a promising approach for efficient gene silencing for therapeutic applications. In this chapter, we describe the in vivo reversal of the classical MDR1/P-glycoprotein (MDR1/P-gp)-mediated mul ...

RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as an important tool in science and in medicine. Small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can be used to knockdown gene expression of specific mRNAs. In practice, a number of factors influence whether an siRNA sequence will elicit RNAi and knockdown target gene expr ...

Shortly after the cellular mechanism of RNA interference (RNAi) was first described, scientists began using this powerful technique to study gene function. This included designing better methods for the successful delivery of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and short hairpin RNAs ( ...

RNA-transfected cell microarray shows great promise in functional genomics. By printing siRNA complexed with transfection reagent on glass slides, arrays of transfected cells are formed in which the phenotypic consequences of gene suppression can be investigated. Using report ...

The RNA interference (RNAi) pathway has in recent years been exploited for the development of novel antiviral therapies. The emergence of viral escape mutants, however, is a major impediment to the use of RNAi effectors to treat highly mutable viruses such as HIV-1. A combinatorial approach is th ...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a new class of small noncoding RNAs expressed in plants and animals. They are responsible for the regulation of up to 30% of human genes, thus underlying their influence on almost all cellular pathways. Recent studies have shown miRNAs to be differentially expres ...

The microRNA (miRNA) pathway and the phenomenon of RNA interference (RNAi), which have both been shown to involve targeting of mRNAs by small RNA molecules, are interconnected and depend partly on the same cellular machinery. RNAi in vertebrates was first reported in zebrafish (Danio rerio) 10 ...

Nearly 97% of the human genome is non-coding DNA. The intron occupies most of it around the gene-coding regions. Numerous intronic sequences have been recently found to encode microRNAs (miRNAs), responsible for RNA-mediated gene silencing through RNA interference (RNAi)-like pathwa ...

Cell migration is important in several biological phenomena, such as cancer metastasis. Therefore, the identification of genes involved in cell migration might facilitate the discovery of antimetastatic drugs. However, screening of genes by the current methods can be complicated ...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous ∼22 nucleotide RNAs that play critical roles in many cellular processes including cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. The analysis of spatiotemporal expression of miRNAs is important for dissecting their roles in developme ...

Accuracy in the flow of genetic information from DNA to protein, or gene expression, is essential to the viability of an organisms. Pre-mRNA splicing and protein translation are two major steps in eukaryotic gene expression that necessitate the production of accurate gene products. Both pr ...

Increasing lines of evidence indicate that small non-coding RNAs including miRNAs, piRNAs, rasiRNAs, 21U endo-siRNAs, and snoRNAs are involved in many critical biological processes. Functional studies of these small RNAs require a simple, sensitive, and reliable method for detect ...

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressed by innate immune cells recognize a spectrum of microbial structures. Recent studies have provided convincing evidence that TLR7 and TLR8 play a key role in sensing viral RNAs. Under certain conditions these receptors can also recognize self-RNA le ...

Whilst significant advances have been made in the delivery of nucleic acids to mammalian cells, most of the used strategies do not distinguish between normal and cancer cells. The same challenge is also facing radioactive- and chemo-therapies which are highly toxic and poorly tolerated due to ...

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have evolved over the past decade as a particularly useful gene �vector for in vivo applications. In contrast to oncoretro- and lentiviral vectors, this vector stays essentially episomal after gene transfer, making it safer because of the absence of in ...

Lentiviral vectors have evolved over the last decade as powerful, reliable, and safe tools for stable gene transfer in a wide variety of mammalian cells. Contrary to other vectors derived from oncoretroviruses, they allow for stable gene delivery into most nondividing primary cells. In par ...

Retrovirus vectors derived from moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV) were the first class of viral vectors developed for gene therapy. They have been extensively used in clinical trials, particularly in ex vivo transduction of hematopoietic stem cells. Although there is a vast experie ...