生物信息学技术

Bioimprinting is a well-known strategy to manipulate the catalytic properties of the enzymes. However, the lack of expression of the newly acquired imprinted property by an enzyme in aqueous surrounding is the chief limitation that restricts the application of this technique. In this cha ...

This enzyme immobilization approach involves the formation of disulfide (S-S) bonds with the support. Thus, enzymes bearing exposed nonessential thiol (SH) groups can be immobilized onto thiol-reactive supports provided with reactive disulfides or disulfide oxides under mild c ...

In this chapter, the properties of tailor-made anionic exchanger resins based on films of large polyethylenimine polymers (e.g., molecular weight 25,000) as supports for strong but reversible immobilization of proteins is shown. The polymer is completely coated, via covalent immobi ...

Magnetic particles have been increasingly used as carriers for binding proteins, enzymes, and drugs. Such immobilization procedures for proteins, enzymes, antibodies, and other biologically active compounds have a major impact in different areas of biomedicine and biotechnol ...

Gold has been a widely used support for protein immobilization in a nonspecific way through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. As no tools are available to predict the binding of proteins of biological interest to gold supports—for either nano, micro, or macroscopic sizes—sm ...

Phytoremediation is an emerging technology that uses certain plants to clean up soil, water, and air contaminated with environmental pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) through degradation, extraction, or immobilization of contaminants. This technology has ...

An effective metal phytoremediation strategy depends on the ability of plants to tolerate and accumulate metals from the environment. Metals in soil and water exert a stress on plants that is detectable at the organismic and cellular level, and as a consequence of this stress, plant ethylene le ...

The uptake and accumulation of toxic cations, including radionuclides, by plants growing on contaminated soils can adversely affect the health of humans and livestock. Using natural genetic variation and molecular-based quantitative genetic approaches, it is possible to ident ...

The enormous growth of industrialization and agriculture has resulted in serious environmental pollution, and polychlorophenols are among the most hazardous pollutants. Because of the large investment required for traditional physical and chemical detoxification meth ...

Plants have the ability to take up harmful substances and then store or metabolize them. This suggests the possibility of phytoremediation of soil contaminated with organic, inorganic, and radioactive substances, all of which are difficult to remove from soil with conventional method ...

The purpose of this chapter is twofold. First, we review the relevant literature regarding the phytoremediation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) as it relates to plant phylogeny. The phytoremediation of POPs is a rapidly developing field of research and as such, a review of the litera ...

This chapter describes the latest ultrasonic nebulizer technology for the production of inocula of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for the purpose of mycorrhizo-remediation of metal-contaminated soils. It is a superior alternative to common pot-culture and conventional atomi ...

To understand the uptake and assimilation of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in various plants, quantification of both inorganic nitrogen such as nitrate, nitrite and ammonium ions, and organic nitrogen (or Kjeldahl nitrogen) is vital. Thus, we first describe the quantification of these ions by the ...

An evaluation of the current “state of the art” for the phytoremediation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) is given, which will allow for well-informed decisions to be made when the technology is being applied to this contamination problem. Information is provided on phytotoxicity, pl ...

Manipulating heavy-metal availability with chelating agents is a way to accelerate natural phytoremediation of contaminated soils. Nevertheless, increasing metal availability also increases the risk of metal movement through the soil profile, and consequently the contam ...

Phytoextraction has been shown to be potentially feasible for some radionuclides. It is, however, likely that soil amendments will be needed to make contaminant radionuclides sufficiently available for plant uptake over the long time-scales likely to be required for phytoextracti ...

Lead is a significant contaminant in soil that poses a challenge to phytoremediation because of its low bioavailability induced by complexation with soil components Conventional phytoremediation approaches employ chemical chelating agents, such as ethylenediaminetet ...

Estimation of the labile or available metal content of soils relies extensively on the use of chemical-extraction techniques. However, where interest is focused on only one or two elements that have more than one isotope, an alternative approach is to use isotope-dilu-tion analysis and meas ...

Plant model systems are needed in which to conduct basic laboratory studies prior to field applications of phytoremediation. In vitro plant cultures are a useful tool for such research purposes. This chapter focuses on the generation of hairy root cultures and their use as a laboratory root mod ...

Field practice of phytoremediation involves complicated and variable conditions. There is a need for methods that can transpose the contaminated site to a controlled greenhouse environment so that screening of phytoremediators and evaluation of efficacy can be carried out objec ...