植物学技术

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed in biological systems as part of normal metabolism. Adverse environmental factors like drought stress result in increased levels of ROS that are detrimental to the plant (1, 2). To avoid damage caused by these excess ROS, plants have developed elaborate ...

Thin cell layers or TCLs have been a fundamental corner-stone of tissue culture of all plant species, including floricultural and ornamental plants (FOPs). In this review, the current status of the use of TCL technology to specific FOPs will be outlined while certain successes and difficulti ...

Aldehydes are highly reactive and ubiquitous molecules involved in numerous biochemical processes and physiological responses. Many biologically important aldehydes are metabolized by the superfamily of NAD(P)+-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenases . Here we describe a st ...

Two-dimensional electrophoresis is a powerful tool to explore the plant proteome and to unravel changes in protein expression between samples. However, the acquisition of images on which thousands of spots may be resolved has some weak points, as always pointed out by scientists working wi ...

In response to water-deficit stress, plants alter expression of thousands of genes and as a result, cellular, physiological, and biochemical processes are modified. Understanding the functional role of water-deficit stress-responsive genes is important in order to develop stres ...

The regulation of gene activity is a crucial factor in coordinating development, growth and acclimation to environmental changes. By this means, metabolic processes are adjusted according to cellular needs by changing gene expression patterns. In the genome of the model plant Arabido ...

Glyoxalase system consists of two enzymes glyoxalase I (Gly I) and glyoxalase II (Gly II). Gly I detoxifies methylglyoxal (MG), a cytotoxic byproduct of glycolysis, to S-lactoylglutathione (SLG) where it uses one molecule of reduced glutathione. Subsequently, SLG is converted to lactate by ...

Stress development intricately involves uncontrolled redox reactions and oxidative damage to functional macromolecules. Three phases characterize progressing abiotic stress and the stress strength; in the first phase redox-dependent deregulation in metabolism, in the ...

Current microarray technologies allow high-density in situ synthesis of oligonucleotides or ex situ spotting of target molecules (cDNA) for conducting genome-wide comparative gene expression profiling studies. The avalanche of available microarray gene expression data f ...

The control of Na+ and Cl− uptake from soils, and the partitioning of these ions within plants, is an essential component of salinity tolerance. Genetic variation in the ability of roots to exclude Na+ and Cl− from the transpiration stream flowing to the shoot has been associated with salinity tolera ...

Proline is a key factor in plant adaptation to environmental stresses. The Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase catalyzes the first committed step and the rate-limiting step for proline biosynthesis in both plants and mammals. This enzyme catalyzes the reduction of glutamate to p ...

Soluble sugars are a universal component of most living organisms and a fundamental building block in biosynthetic processes. It is no wonder that both qualitative and quantitative changes in carbohydrates often accompany plant’s responses to stress. Depending on the speed of onset of s ...

Accumulation of proline in higher plants is an indication of disturbed physiological condition, triggered by biotic or abiotic stress condition. Free proline content can increase upon exposure of plants to drought, salinity, cold, heavy metals, or certain pathogens. Determination ...

Reactive oxygen species or intermediates are formed by the incomplete reduction of oxygen. Organisms living in aerobic environment generate various kinds of reactive oxygen species (ROS) molecules, such as superoxide (•O2 −), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (OH−), singl ...

For the genetic potential of model systems such as Arabidopsis thaliana to be most effectively used to understand drought resistance, reliable and rapid protocols are needed for laboratory study of phenotypes relevant to stress responses in the field. Osmotic adjustment, the amount of a ...

This chapter describes a rapid and efficient protocol for explant preparation and genetic transformation of carnation. Node explants from greenhouse-grown plants and leaf explants from in vitro plants are infected with Agrobacterium tumefaciens AGL0 harboring pKT3 plasmid, c ...

For high frequency regeneration of Phalaenopsis, young leaf segments are cultured on gelrite-gelled � MS medium supplemented with 2% sucrose, 2.0 mg/L BA, 0.5 mg/L NAA, 10% coconut water (CW), 2 g/L peptone and 1 g/L activated charcoal. Cultures are incubated at 24 � 2� C under fluorescence light 50 μmol/m2/s ...

Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) is one of the most popular ornamental pot plants. Conventional propagation is by cuttings, generally focused on a period prior to the most intensive time of sales. Rapid multiplication of elite clones, the production of pathogen-free plants and more ra ...

Bromeliads are tropical plants that are native to the Americas with a wide distribution in the rain forests, deserts and coastal areas. They are mostly epiphytes and terrestrial, diverse and important from the ecological point of view, they are found in microhabitats in strong interactions w ...

In this chapter, we describe multiplication of the superior and elite tree of Crataeva adansonii using plant tissue culture techniques. An ornamental and avenue tree, it is not available in abundance because of poor seed germination and seedling establishment. It reproduces in nature by ro ...