微生物学技术

Autoregulation of genes is often associated with quorum sensing systems where bacteria produce and secrete molecules that allow the cells to communicate with one another, leading to the activation of certain genes at certain population densities. Here we describe the identification ...

Intercellular small molecular weight signaling molecules modulate a variety of biological functions in bacteria. One of the more complex behaviors mediated by intercellular signaling molecules is the suite of activities regulated by quorum sensing molecules. These molecules ...

Microbial pathogens use a wide repertoire of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that affect host cell responses through activation of intracellular signaling events in a PAMP-specific manner. Here we describe a set of western blot-based methodologies for the evalu ...

In order to study N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL)-based quorum sensing in vivo, we present a protocol using an Escherichia coli strain equipped with a luxR-based monitor system, which in the presence of exogenous AHL molecules expresses a green fluorescent protein (GFP). Lungs from mice chal ...

Quorum sensing plays a central role in regulating many community-derived symbiotic and pathogenic relationships of bacteria, and as such has attracted much attention in recent years. Acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) are important signaling molecules in the quorum sensing gene-r ...

Transcript profiling has improved our understanding of quorum-sensing gene regulation on a global scale. Here, we describe methods for high-quality sample preparation for use in DNA microarray and real-time PCR experiments.

The two-component quorum sensing (QS) system, first described in the marine bacterium Vibrio harveyi and evolutionarily conserved among members of the genus Vibrio, has been best studied in the human pathogen Vibrio cholerae (1, 2). In the V. cholerae QS system, the response to the accumulation ...

Candida albicans biofilms are surface-associated, structured communities composed of yeast, hyphal, and pseudohyphal cells surrounded by an extracellular matrix. C. albicans biofilms often lead to life-threatening systemic infections and are particularly difficult to e ...

A gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS)-based method has been developed for the accurate and sensitive determination of nine organotin compounds in water: tetrabutyltin, tributyltin, dibutyltin, monobutyltin, triphenyltin, diphenyltin, m ...

he synthesis of proteins is an essential process in cell growth and cell proliferation. The DNA sequence of a gene is first copied (transcribed) into an RNA sequence that is translated into a particular amino acid sequence. One strand of the gene, the RNA-like strand (or sense strand) has a nucleotide se ...

Campylobacter is now recognized worldwide as a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans (1). Campylobacter species are common commensals in the intestinal tracts of poultry and livestock, and food products of animal origin are frequently associated with reported cases ...

The development of combinatorial antibody (Ab) libraries displayed on the surface of phage has led to the production of a wide range of human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against a plethora of viral antigens (Ag) (1-5). However, sometimes the isolation of a given Ab can be particularly difficult ...

The ability to refine the affinity, specificity, and immunogenicity of recombinant antibodies (Abs) offers distinct advantages for the preparation of in vivo diagnostic and therapeutic immunoreagents. The bacterial expression vector pComb3 allows production of recombina ...

Bacterial genome sequencing has revolutionized the research landscape and promises to deliver important changes to the clinical microbiology laboratory, through the identification of novel diagnostic targets and through the birth of a new discipline or “genomic epidemiolo ...

The development of molecular biology has opened the way to new approaches to bacterial identification and typing. Nucleic acids carry the information encoding the bacterial diversity. They can be sequenced easily and, even when undetermined, their sequences can be quickly compared by m ...

Total DNA restriction pattern analysis is one of the techniques commonly used to identify and group bacteria (1–11). This technique can be used to separate species belonging to the same genus (12,13) or to distinguish highly similar bacterial strains within the same species or subspecies (14– ...

The development of a radioimmunological method (radioimmunoassay, RIA) for the determination of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in human body fluids such as blood serum and urine is described. It comprises three major parts. The first part deals with the generati ...

This chapter presents a high-throughput screening (HTS) immunochemical procedure suitable for processing and analyzing simultaneously multiple urine samples. The method presented here is addressed to assess the level of exposure of the population to certain organochlorine ...

A multiresidue method based on extraction with organic solvents, cleanup by preparative liquid chromatography, and detection by gas chromatography (GC) using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) mode is described for the determination of α- and β-endosulfan and three main metabolites ...

In this chapter, two analytical methods are presented suitable for the determination of pyrethroids in blood plasma and pyrethroid/pyrethrin metabolites in urine. As pyrethroids such as cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, permethrin, and bioallethrin are metabolized ...