免疫学技术

Identifying epitopes that elicit a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted T-cell response is critical for designing vaccines for infectious diseases and cancers. We have applied two artificial intelligence approaches to build models for predicting T-cell epit ...

The ligand–receptor interaction between some peptidomimetic inhibitors and a class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC)–peptide presenting molecule, the HLA-DR4 receptor, can be modeled using some 3D quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) methods s ...

The challenge of predicting which peptide sequences bind to which major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules has been met with various computational techniques. Scoring matrices, hidden Markov models, and artificial neural networks are examples of algorithms that have b ...

The use of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I binding peptides for immunotherapeutic purposes has shown promising results in recent years. The identification of such peptides mostly starts with predicting MHC-binding peptides, given a protein of interest. An accurate ...

The binding between peptide epitopes and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins is a major event in the cellular immune response. Accurate prediction of the binding between short peptides and class I or class II MHC molecules is an important task in immunoinformatics. SVRMHC wh ...

Short peptides binding to specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles elicit immune response. These candidate peptides have potential utility in peptide vaccine design and development. The binding of peptides to allele-specific HLA molecule is estimated using competitive b ...

The binding of bound peptide ligands to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules plays a key role in the activation of normal immune responses and is an intricate theoretical problem that remains unsolved. Geometric and energetic complementarities between an MHC molecule a ...

Antigenic peptide is presented to a T-cell receptor (TCR) through the formation of a stable complex with a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule. Various predictive algorithms have been developed to estimate a peptide’s capacity to form a stable complex with a given MHC class II al ...

An iterative approach to resolving protein–peptide binding motifs is appropriate when the length of the binding protein is variable and a variety of amino acid residues may successfully occupy multiple positions. This chapter describes an iterative algorithm that first aligns bind ...

Methods for predicting the binding affinity of peptides to the MHC have become more sophisticated in the past 5–10 years. It is possible to use computational quantitative structure-activity methods to build models of peptide affinity that are truly predictive. Two of the most useful methods ...

Prediction of class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC)–peptide binding is a challenging task due to variable length of binding peptides. Different computational methods have been developed; however, each has its own strength and weakness. In order to provide reliable predic ...

The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) plays a crucial role in the transport of the peptide fragments of the proteolysed antigenic or self-altered proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum where the association between these peptides and the major histocompatibil ...

In this chapter, two prediction servers of linear B-cell epiotpes have been described; (i) BcePred, based on physico-chemical properties that include hydrophilicity, flexibility/mobility, accessibility, polarity, exposed surface, turns, and antigenicity and ii) ABCpred, ba ...

The HistoCheck webtool provides clinicians and researchers with a way of visualizing and understanding the structural differences among related major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. In the clinical setting, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching of hematopoi ...

In this chapter, three prediction servers used for predicting virulence factors, bacterial toxins, and neurotoxins have been described. VICMpred server predicts the functional proteins of gram-negative bacteria that include virulence factors, information molecule, cell ...

为了与上一篇概述衔接，先说说废话，从大的方面说ELISA属于酶免疫技术。 免疫酶技术是将酶作为标记物，标记抗体或抗原后，与相应的抗原或抗体发生反应，通过标记酶相应底物的颜色反应作抗原抗体的定性和定量的检测依据。目前应用最多的免疫酶技术是酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA），如果要分类的话，它属于异相固相酶免疫技术。所谓异相是指在检测时不需要将酶标记抗原抗体和游离抗原抗体分开，所谓固相就是指的ELISA的96孔板固相载体了 ...

Gene indices with many thousands of entries have been constructed by tag sequencing of randomly selected cDNA clones (1–7) and are widely available in repositories, such as the dbEST database (16). As more and more genes are identified, efforts are redirected towards understanding the contr ...

CD4+ T helper (Th) cells are crucial for the generation of the antigen-specific immune response (1). They regulate many different aspects of the immune response, both by the secretion of cytokines and through cell surface expressed molecules. CD4+ precursor (Thp) Th cells or naive Th cells are ful ...

One of the earliest detectable responses following TCR ligation is the phosphorylation of cellular proteins on either serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues. These covalent modifications are mediated by kinases, and are thought to facilitate various cellular functions, inclu ...

Stimulation of T lymphocytes, as induced by the interaction of their T-cell receptor with a peptide/MHC complex or by the use of anti-CD3 antibodies, triggers the activation of tyrosine kinases activities within a few seconds. This very early step leads to a series of biochemical events that incl ...