生物化学技术

In this chapter, we describe the key steps of the “designer” oligosaccharide microarray approach we followed to prove the carbohydrate binding activity and define the oligosaccharide ligands for Dectin-1, an atypical C-type lectin-like signaling receptor of the mammalian innate im ...

The 23 valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) is often used to assess an individual’s ability to produce antibodies to polysaccharides. The Luminex xMAP microsphere-based liquid array system, when applied to the determination of antibodies to pneumococcal polysacc ...

A method for the preparation of carbohydrate microarrays inside 96-well polystyrene microtiter plates is described. The key step in this strategy represents the synthesis of carbohydrate–dextran conjugates by copper (I)-catalyzed cycloaddition between alkyne carbohydr ...

Interest in understanding the biological information content of carbohydrates has led to the development of a variety of methodologies for preparing carbohydrate microarrays. A key challenge is to find a general method to make carbohydrate molecules adhere to a solid chip in a stable man ...

Glycolipid–protein interactions are increasingly recognised as critical to numerous and diverse biological processes, including immune recognition, cell–cell signalling, pathogen adherence, and virulence factor binding. Previously, such carbohydrate–lectin i ...

We present here a method for construction of carbohydrate cluster microarrays. This technology utilizes a 3-dimensional poly(amidoamine) starburst dendrimer monolayer assembled on glass surface, which is functionalized with terminal hydrazide groups for site-specific c ...

For all carbohydrate microarrays, two important prerequisites are necessary: the carbohydrate of interest has to be obtained either by isolation from natural sources, enzymatic or chemical synthesis; an immobilization of the carbohydrate at the surface of the chip has to be achieved. T ...

Sialic acids, also known as neuraminic acids, are a family of negatively charged α-keto acids with a nine-carbon backbone. These unique sugars have been found at the termini of many glycan chains of vertebrate cell surface, which play pivotal roles in mediating or modulating a variety of physiolo ...

As carbohydrates play a major role in numerous biological processes through their interactions with lectins and also appear as one of the most crucial post-translational modifications of proteins, chemists have developed several approaches for the design of glycoconjugates bas ...

The polypyrrole approach initially developed for the construction of DNA chips, has been extended to other biochemical compounds such as proteins and more recently oligosaccharides. The copolymerization of a pyrrole monomer with a biomolecule bearing a pyrrole group by an electroc ...

Over the past few decades, carbohydrates (glycans) have received growing attention for their many roles in biological systems, including pathogenesis, receptor-ligand interactions, and cell signaling. To unravel the biology of this important category of biomolecules, a host of new ...

Glycans are involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes through interactions with proteins. Thus, the molecular basis of glycan–protein interactions provides valuable information on understanding biological phenomena and exploiting more effect ...

Carbohydrate microarrays, since their advent in 2002, are revolutionizing studies of the molecular basis of protein–carbohydrate interactions both in endogenous recognition systems and pathogen–host interactions. We have developed a unique carbohydrate microarray sy ...

Glycan microarrays prepared by immobilization of amino-functionalized glycans on NHS-activated glass slides have been successfully used to study protein–glycan interactions. Fluorescently tagged glycans with an amino functional group can be prepared from natural glyca ...

MALDI-TOF mass spectrometers are now commonplace and their relative ease of use means that most non-specialist labs can readily access the technology for the rapid and sensitive analysis of biomolecules. One of the main uses of MALDI-TOF-MS is in the identification of proteins, by peptide mass ...

Affinity chromatography is the method of choice for biomolecule separation and isolation with highly specific target recognition; it is ideally suited to the purification of immunotherapeutic proteins (i.e., mAbs). Conventional affinity purification protocols are based on na ...

Methods to detect and characterize cellular protein myristoylation and palmitoylation are invaluable in cell biology, immunology, and virology. Recently, we developed ω-alkynyl fatty acid probes for monitoring myristoylation and palmitoylation of cellular proteins. This ...

Small molecule-immobilized affinity matrices are indispensable tools in chemical genomics to screen and purify protein targets for biologically active small molecules. Usually, prior to immobilization, small �molecules have to be derivatized at a position that does not signif ...

Despite the hundreds of kinase inhibitors currently in discovery and pre-clinical phases, the number of kinase inhibitors which have been approved and are on the market remains low by comparison. This discrepancy reflects the challenges which accompany the development of kinase inhi ...

Detection and quantification of small molecules have played essential roles in environmental analysis and clinical diagnosis. Aptamers are oligonucleic acids that bind to a specific target molecule with high specificity and affinity which are promising features for sensing sm ...