In Vitro: Fibronectin (FN) is a glycoprotein present in blood as well as in cells. While Fibronectin (FN) in blood has many functions, its primary role is to promote wound repair following injury. Increases in plasma Fibronectin (FN) has been reported after inflammation, trauma, and diseases such as atherosclerosis. Tobacco-related lung diseases are characterized by increased accumulation of Fibronectin (FN) which can be induced by nicotine. We found significant increases of plasma Fibronectin (FN) following exposure to e-cig aerosols and TS. Although our study examined the levels of 8-oxodG, CRP, and Fibronectin (FN), additional markers for lung injury need be explored in future studies. Fibronectin also binds to other extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen, fibrin, and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (e.g. syndecans) .