【背景知识】 脂联素在 1990 年代首次被描述为由脂肪细胞产生的激素。脂联素参与能量和脂肪代谢的调节。这种激素在循环中的浓度应该反映发生动脉粥样硬化的风险和胰岛素抵抗的程度。由于这些疾病在工业化国家中的特殊重要性,这种脂肪因子的作用机制及其作为生物标志物的重要性正在深入研究研究过。除了不同的细胞培养模型和人类研究外,小鼠和大鼠代表了适合临床前研究的模型生物。 出于这个原因,本检测试剂盒经过开发和技术验证,旨在作为在基础研究和临床前研究背景下测量小鼠模型中脂联素的工具。 在下文中,即使人类和小鼠之间的比较只能在有限的范围内进行,人类脂联素的生理学也将作为背景信息简要介绍给您: 脂联素是一种 30kDa 的蛋白质,占血清蛋白质的 0.01%。该蛋白质主要由脂肪细胞合成,但肌肉细胞和肝细胞也能合成脂联素。目前已知的合成的唯一天然诱导物是 IGF-1。它由胶原蛋白样 N 端和球状 C 组成-终端域[1]。在体内,脂联素存在于不同的寡聚体中。除三聚体和二三聚体外,还有高分子多聚体[1-3]。到目前为止,已知两种不同的受体,两种受体都普遍表达,但在组织中的分布不同。脂联素受体 1' (AdipoR1) 特别在肌肉中合成,AdipoR2 特别在肝组织中合成 [4]。 对人体的重要性尚未明确。初步研究表明,脂联素与 BMI 呈负相关,因此可能对能量代谢很重要,例如通过调节脂肪酸氧化。 BMI,脂联素浓度和胰岛素抵抗之间存在联系 [5-7],因此也与 ll 型糖尿病有关。脂联素也代表了葡萄糖和脂肪代谢之间的联系 [8, 9]。 不同描述的高分子多聚体的特殊诊断价值无法在三种商业测试系统的比较研究中得到证明 [10]。 Mediagnost E09 在检测葡萄糖耐量降低和 ll 型糖尿病方面具有出色的诊断敏感性和特异性 [10]。 此外,脂联素参与炎症过程 [11-15],因此对于动脉硬化 [4,5,16] 和冠状动脉炎症 [17, 18] 的发展具有重要意义,因此测定血浆中脂联素浓度可以用于确定冠状动脉疾病的风险 [19,20]。此外,脂联素还会影响其他生理过程,例如血管生成 [21, 22]。 参考文献: 1. Nakano, Y., et al., Isolation and characterization of GBP28, a novel gelatin-binding protein purified fromhuman plasma.J Biochem (Tokyo),1996.120(4): p.803-12. 2. Pajvani, U.B., et al., Structure-function studies of the adipocyte-secreted hormone Acrp30/adiponectin.lmplications fpr metabolic regulation and bioactivity.J Biol Chem, 2003.278(11): p. 9073-85. 3. Tsao, T.S., et al.,Role of disulfide bonds in Acrp30/adiponectin structure and signaling specificity.Different oligomers activate different signal transduction pathways. J Biol Chem, 2003.278(50): p.50810-7. 4. Shimada, K., T.Miyazaki, and H. Daida, Adiponectin and atherosclerotic disease. Clin Chim Acta, 2004.344(1-2): p.1-12. 5. Higashiura, K., et al.,Correlations of adiponectin level with insulin resistance and atherosclerosis inJapanese male populations. Clin Endocrinol(Oxf), 2004.61(6): p.753-9. 6. Spranger,J., et al.,Adiponectin is independently associated with insulin sensitivity in women withpolycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf),2004.61(6): p.738-46. 7. Zoico,E., et al.,Adipocytokines, fat distribution, and insulin resistance in elderly men and women.JGerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci,2004.59(9): p. M935-9. 8. Ye,J.M., et al., PPARalpha lgamma ragaglitazar eliminates fatty liver and enhances insulin action in fat-fed rats in the absence of hepatomegaly.Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 2003.284(3): p. E531-40. 9. Yamauchi, T., et al.,Adiponectin stimulates glucose utilization and fatty-acid oxidation by activatingAMP-activated protein kinase.Nat Med, 2002.8(11): p.1288-95. 10. Bluher(Blueher),M., et al.,Total and high-molecular weight adiponectin in relation to metabolicvariables at baseline and in response to an exercise treatment program: comparative evaluation ofthree assays.Diabetes Care, 2007.30(2): p.280-5. 11. Delaigle, A.M., et al., Induction of adiponectin in skeletal muscle by inflammatory cytokines: in vivo and in vitro studies. Endocrinology, 2004.145(12): p.5589-97. 12. Winzer,C., et al., Plasma adiponectin, insulin sensitivity, and subclinical inflammation in women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care,2004.27(7): p.1721-7. 13. Xydakis,A.M., et al., Adiponectin, inflammation, and the expression of the metabolic syndrome in obeseindividuals: the impact of rapid weight loss through caloric restriction.J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2004.89(6): p. 2697-703. 14. Motoshima,H., et al., Adiponectin suppresses proliferation and superoxide generation and enhanceseNOS activity in endotheial cells treated with oxidized LDL. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2004.315(2): p.264-71. 15. Wolf,A.M., et al.,Adiponectin induces the anti-inflammatory cytokines lL-10 and IlL-1RA in humanleukocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2004.323(2): p.630-5. 16. Okamoto,Y.. et al. Adiponectin reduces atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Circulation,2002.106(22): p.2767-70. 17. Schlegel,A., Adiponectin and risk of coronary heart disease.Jama,2004.292(1): p.40; author reply 40.18. 18. Choi, K.M., et al, Inflammation,Insulin Resistance, and Glucose Intolerance in Acute MyocardialI/nfarction Patients without a Previous Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus.J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2004. 19. Nakamura, Y., et al., lmplications of plasma concentrations of adiponectin in patients with coronaryartery disease.Heart,2004.90(5): p.528-33. 20. Pischon, T., et al., Plasma adiponectin levels and risk of myocardial infarction in men.Jama,2004.291(14): p.1730-7. 21. Shibata,R.,et al, Adiponectin stimulates angiogenesis in response to tissue ischemia through stimulation of amp-activated protein kinase signaling.J Biol Chem, 2004.279(27): p.28670-4. 22. Fernandez-Real,J.M. et al, Adiponectin is associated with vascular function independent of insulin sensitivity.Diabetes Care,2004.27(3): p.739-45.