AICAR

AMPK激活剂；增加分离肝细胞中的AMPK激酶活性（EC50=~500μM）并降低这些细胞中的HMG-CoA还原酶活性以及脂肪酸和固醇合成；在0.5mM时抑制3T3-L1脂肪细胞中62%的胰岛素刺激葡萄糖摄取并将GLUT4易位降低2.5倍；在1mM时防止由LPS和淀粉样蛋白-β(Aβ)(25-35)诱导的iNOS、COX-2和MnSOD蛋白水平升高以及由LPS和Aβ42诱导的富含星形胶质细胞的TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6表达；抑制大鼠肝细胞自噬（IC50=0.3mM）并诱导大鼠β细胞凋亡An activator of AMPK; increases AMPK kinase activity in isolated hepatocytes (EC50 = ~500 μM) and reduces HMG-CoA reductase activity and fatty acid and sterol synthesis in these cells; inhibits insulin-stimulated glucose uptake to 62% of control cells and reduces GLUT4 translocation by 2.5-fold in 3T3-L1 adipocytes at 0.5 mM; prevents increases in protein levels of iNOS, COX-2, and MnSOD induced by LPS and amyloid-β (Aβ) (25-35) and expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 induced by LPS and Aβ42 in astrocyte-enriched glial cells at 1 mM; inhibits autophagy in rat hepatocytes (IC50 = 0.3 mM) and induces apoptosis in rat β cells.