ARF1 | ADP-ribosylation factor

Recombinant GST fusion of full length of Arabidopsis thaliana ARF1 (P36397, AT2G47170)

21 kDa (Arabidopsis thaliana)

Application example 

50 µg of total protein from (1) Nicotiana tabacum protoplast total protein, (2) Arabidopsis thaliana protoplast soluble protein, (3) Arabidopsis thaliana protoplast total protein were separated on 10 % SDS-PAGE and blotted 2h to nitrocellulose (Semi-dry, 200mA). Filters were blocked over night with 5% low-fat milk powder in TBS and probed with anti-Arf1 antibodies (AS08 325, 1:1000, 1h) and secondary anti-rabbit (1:20000, 1 h) antibody (HRP) in TBS-Tween (recommended secondary antibody AS09 602). Signal was detected with chemiluminescence detection reagent and exposure time for this image was 1 minute. 

Protoplasts were extracted in 50mM Tris, 10 mM EDTA and Triton X100, 0.02%.

Immunofluorescence

Specificity testing of rabbit anti-ARF1 serum. Immunofluorescence labelling of rabbit anti-ARF1 antibody (red) in 5-day-old root epidermal cells of the Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia-0 (WT) or seedlings expressing the ADP-RIBOSYLATION FACTOR 1 (AtARFA1c; accession At2g47170) fused to EGFP (green) (Xu, J. and Scheres, B. 2005. Plant Cell 17, 525-536). The rabbit anti-ARF1 antibody was diluted 1:1000 and the secondary antibody, donkey anti-rabbit CY5-coupled (Jackson ImmunoResearch) was diluted 1:300. The nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Note the co-labelling of ARF1-GFP with the anti-ARF1 antibody (arrowheads) and the additional labelling (potentially of other ARF1 variants) by the anti-ARF1 antibody (arrows). The antibody staining permeability was limited to the 1-2 outermost layers of the whole-mounted root tips.

Courtesy of Dr. Anna Gustavsson and Dr. Markus Grebe

Reactant: Arabidopsis thaliana (Thale cress)

Application: Western Blotting

Pudmed ID: 27938667

Journal: Elife

Figure Number: 1F

Published Date: 2016-12-12

First Author: Li, S., Le, B., et al.

Impact Factor: 7.448

Analyses of sRNA-seq libraries.(A) Hierarchical clustering analysis showing the degree of similarity among the sRNA-seq libraries. Sample-to-sample distances were calculated based on log-transformed normalized read counts. The biological replicates of each sample type were highly reproducible. T: total extract; M: microsome; TP: total polysome; MBP: membrane-bound polysome; T27: sRNA-seq from total extracts in ago1-27; M27: sRNA-seq from microsomes in ago1-27. The other samples were from wild type. The numbers after the underscore represent biological replicates. (B) Size distribution of sRNAs in the indicated samples. T: total extract; M: microsome; ER-IP: ER immunoprecipitation. Note that normalization was performed against total r/t/snRNA-depleted reads. (C) The composition of sRNAs in each of three size classes. Each column represents a biological replicate. Note that normalization was performed against total r/t/snoRNA-depleted reads. (D) Western blotting using anti-GFP antibodies to show that YFP-SEC12 was in the microsomal fraction. (E) Topology mapping showing that the YFP tag of the ER transmembrane protein YFP-SEC12 was on the cytosolic side. (F) Western blotting showing that ER immunoprecipitation (using anti-GFP antibodies with the YFP-SEC12 transgenic line) contained two ER markers (YFP-SEC12 and HSC70) but not markers for Golgi (ARF1) or endosomes (SYP22). PEPC is a soluble protein. Col, wild type (without the YFP-SEC12 transgene). (G) A scatter plot showing the depletion of Pol IV-dependent siRNAs (P4siRNAs) from the microsomal fraction. Each dot represents a 100 bp window that generates P4siRNAs. Note that normalization was performed using rRNA fragments as internal controls. (H–K) Wild type and nrpd1-1 sRNA-seq samples that differ greatly in sRNA compositions were used as a proof-of-concept for the rRNA fragment-based normalization method. (H–I) Normalization using total r/tRNA-depleted, genome-matched reads led to an exaggeration of the 21-nt peak (H) and an apparent increase in the abundance of miRNAs (I) in nrpd1-1, which lacks most 24-nt siRNAs. (J–K) Normalization using rRNA fragments resulted in similar abundance of 21-nt siRNAs (J) and miRNAs (K) between wild type and nrpd1-1.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22750.003

Reactant: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Green Alga)

Application: Western Blotting

Pudmed ID: 31809498

Journal: PLoS Biol

Figure Number: 7A,B

Published Date: 2019-12-01

First Author: Luxmi, R., Kumar, D., et al.

Impact Factor: 7.279

Release of CrPAM in ciliary ectosomes is developmentally regulated.A. HAP2 minus and CC125 plus gametes, mating cells (0- or 1-hour), and ectosome-rich pellets prepared from the 1-hour media were analyzed. Equal amounts of protein (30 ?g) were fractionated and subjected to immunoblot analysis for ARF1, FMG1, and CrPAM. Quantification of FMG1 and CrPAM protein levels is shown in the lower panels; results are the average of two independent experiments—error bars indicate the range. B. Cell lysates and ectosomes prepared from wild-type CC124?/CC125+ gametes were analyzed as described for panel A. Results are the average of six independent experiments; error bars indicate ± SEM. Asterisks indicate a statistically significant difference between two groups (*P < 0.01). C. and D. Immunoblot analysis of cells and ectosomes harvested from vegetative CC124? (C) and CC125+ (D) cells; quantification of FMG1 and CrPAM levels is shown below. Results are the average of three experiments; error bars indicate ± SEM. CrPAM and FMG1 levels in vegetative ectosomes differed significantly from levels in cells (**P = 0.0065, ***P < 0.0001). E. CrPHM and CrPAL activities were assayed in cells and ectosomes released by vegetative CC124? and CC125+ cells, mating HAP2?/CC125+ cells, and mating CC124?/CC125+ cells. Both activities were significantly higher in ectosomes released by mating gametes (*P < 0.01, **P < 0.001, ***P < 0.0001; one-way ANOVAs). F. Immunogold-electron microscopy negative stain image showing localization of CrPAM on mating ectosomes with antibody against CrPAM luminal domain. Negative control, ectosomes incubated with gold-tagged secondary antibody alone. The underlying numeric data for this figure can be found in S1 Data. ARF1, ADP ribosylation factor 1; FMG1, flagellar membrane glycoprotein 1.