In Vitro: APX-115 free base (5 μM; 60 min) almost completely suppresses high glucose-induced proinflammatory and profibrotic molecule expression in the mouse podocyte cell line. In the kidney, APX-115 free base attenuates Nox gene upregulation and protein expression while improving inflammatory and fibrotic processes.
In Vivo: APX-115 free base (oral gavage; 60?mg/kg/day; for 12 weeks) significantly improves insulin resistance in diabetic mice. APX-115 free base treatment decreases the urinary excretion of albumin and plasma creatinine levels.