关于CCL9/MIP-1 gamma:
Mouse CCL9 is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. It is expressed mainly in the liver, lung, and the thymus, although some expression has been detected in a wide variety of tissues except brain. CCL9 can activate osteoclasts through its receptor CCR1 (the most abundant chemokine receptor found on osteoclasts) suggesting an important role for CCL9 in bone resorption.
关于HO-1/HMOX1/HSP32:
Heme Oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is an enzyme in endoplasmic reticulum that belongs to the heme oxygenase family. HO-1 cleaves the heme ring at the alpha methene bridge to form Biliverdin. Biliverdin is subsequently converted to Bilirubin by Biliverdin reductase. In physiological state, the highest activity of HO-1 is found in the spleen, where senescent erythrocytes are sequestrated and destroyed. HO-1 activity is highly inducible by its substrate heme and by various non-heme substances such as heavy metals, bromobenzene, endotoxin, oxidizing agents and UVA. HO-1 is involved in the regulation of cardiovascular function and response to a variety of stressors. Defects in HO-1 are the cause of Heme Oxygenase 1 deficiency, resulting in marked erythrocyte fragmentation and intravascular hemolysis, coagulation abnormalities, endothelial damage, and iron deposition in renal and hepatic tissues.