关于Leptin:
Leptin is a hormone secreted from white adipocytes and plays important role in the regulation of food intake and energy balance. Leptin functions via signaling pathways involving OB-R in hypothalamus. Animal models have revealed the influence of Leptin in reducing body weight and regulating blood glucose level. When mutations are introduced in obese gene, mice with impaired function of leptin are massively obese and in high risk of diabetes. Leptin deficiency reduces metablic rate. Leptin deficient mice are less active and with lower body temperature than normal animals. Human Leptin shares approximately 84% sequence identity with the mouse protein. Human Leptin consists of 167 amino acid residue including a 21 amino acid residue signal sequence and 146 amino acid residue mature protein sequence.
关于USP14:
Ubiquitin Carboxyl-Terminal Hydrolase 14 (USP14) belongs to the ubiquitin-specific processing (USP) family which is a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) with His and Cys domains. USP14 located in the cytoplasm is a proteasome-associated deubiquitinase which releases ubiquitin from the proteasome targeted ubiquitinated proteins. USP14 acts also as a physiological inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) under the non-stressed condition by inhibiting the degradation of unfolded endoplasmic reticulum proteins via interaction with ERN1. In addition, USP14 is indispensable for synaptic development and function at neuromuscular junctions, required for the degradation of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 which is critical for CXCL12-induced cell chemotaxis.