In Vitro: L-Chicoric Acid inhibits integration at concentrations from 500 nM to 10 μM but also inhibits entry at concentrations above 1 μM. L-Chicoric Acid clearly affects viral entry at concentrations of 5 μM and higher. L-Chicoric Acid also inhibits integration as indicated both by an increased ratio of two LTR circle DNA to cDNA and an accompanying decrease in integrated provirus. The EC50 of L-Chicoric Acid against HIV is approximately 500 nM, a concentration that does not inhibit HIV entry in H9 cells. The ED50 of L-Chicoric Acid against HIVNL4-3 control virus is 400 nM, while HIVNL4-3 passaged in the presence of 8 μM L-Chicoric Acid is completely resistant to the compound.