Toremifene CitrateS1776

Toremifene (7.5 mM) causes approximately 60% of the cells to exhibit morphologic characteristics typical of cells undergoing programmed death, or apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Toremifene (5-10 mM) results in elevated levels of TRPM-2 and TGF beta 1 mRNAs in in vitro or in vivo grown tumor cells. Toremifene causes growth inhibition of estrogen-sensitive breast cancer cells by inducing some cells to undergo apoptosis and by inhibiting other cells from entering mitosis. ^[1] Toremifene induces a dose-dependent level of adducts that is lower than that observed for TAM. Toremifene significantly enhances endogenous DNA adduct formation. ^[2] Toremifene affects the cell turnover by inhibiting mitotic activity and modifying abundant spontaneous apoptosis in DMBA-induced rat mammary carcinoma. ^[3]