Patulin

1) Cat. No.: TRC-P206500; 2) Chemical Name: Patulin; 3) CAS No.: 149-29-1; 4) Mol. Formula: C7H6O4; 5) Mol. Weight: 154.12; 6) Packing Size: 10mg / 50mg; 7) Appearence: Off-White Solid; 8) Application Notes: Patulin (PAT), a mycotoxin produced by certain species of Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Byssochlamys, is mainly found in ripe apple and apple products. Patulin-induced genotoxicity and modulation of glutathione in Hep G2 cells. Patulin is an antibiotic. Patulin-induced nephropathy and gastrointestinal tract malfunction have been demonstrated in several animal models. The oral LD50 value of patulin ranges between 29 and 55 mg/kg body weight in rodents and 170 mg/kg body weight in poultry. The World Health Organization considers patulin cytotoxic and established a safety level of patulin in apple juice at 50 μM. At 100-200 μM, patulin can directly increase intracellular oxidative stress in HEK293 and HL-60 cells. In 1944, this compound was tested in a clinical trial for potential antibiotic properties to treat the common cold.; 9) Synonym: 4-Hydroxy-4H-furo[3,2-c]pyran-2(6H)-one; Clairformin; Clavacin; Clavatin; Claviformin; DL-Patulin; Expansin; Expansine; Mycoin; Mycoin C; Mycoin C3; NSC 32951; NSC 8120; Patuline; Penicidin; Terinin; ; 10) Solubility: Acetone; 11) Storage condition: Hygroscopic, -20°C Freezer, Under Inert Atmosphere; 12) References: Scott, P., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 20, 450 (1972), Aden, D., et al.: Nature, 282, 615 (1979), Surralles, J., et al.: Mutat. Res., 341, 169 (1995), Alves, I., et al.: Mutagenesis, 15, 229 (2000), Liu, B., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 191, 255 (2003), Puel, O., Galtier, P., and Oswald, I.P. Biosynthesis and toxicological effects of patulin. Toxins 2(4) 613-631 (2010). Liu, B., Wu, T., Yu, F., et al. Induction of oxidative stress response by the mycotoxin patulin in mammalian cells. Toxicol Sci 95(2) 340-347 (2007). Chalmers, I., and Clarke, M. Commentary: The 1994 patulin trial: The first properly controlled multicentre trial conducted under the aegis of the British Medical Research Council. Int J Epidemiol 32 253-260 (2004).