Tenofovir alafenamide

Reverse transcription and integration are the defining features of the Retroviridae; the common name "retrovirus" derives from the fact that these viruses use a virally encoded enzyme, reverse transcriptase (RT), to convert their RNA genomes into DNA³. GS-7340 (Tenofovir alafenamide) is an investigational oral prodrug of Tenofovir. Tenofovir is a HIV-1 nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Tenofovir alafenamide (GS-7340) hemifumarate is an amidate prodrug of Tenofovir with good oral bioavailability and increases plasma stability compared to Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)⁴. GS-7340 antiviral activities are similar across all cell types, ranging from 5 to 7 nM. The antiviral activity of TAF (Tenofovir alafenamide) is evaluated against a panel of HIV-1 and HIV-2 isolates, including HIV-1 group M subtypes A to G, as well as group N and O isolates. Overall, for the 29 primary HIV-1 isolates tested in PBMCs, TAF EC50s range from 0.1 to 12 nM, with a mean EC50 of 3.5 nM compared to a mean EC50 of 11.8 nM for AZT, which is used as an internal control. For the HIV-2 isolates, the mean EC50s are 1.8 nM for TAF and 6.4 nM for AZT⁵. GS-7340 is less nephrotoxic than its predecessor prodrug, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). GS-7340's unique pharmacokinetic profile enables provision of lower required doses for antiviral efficacy. Lower concentrations reach renal tubules minimizing intracellular accumulation and mitochondrial damage⁶.

溶解方案(细胞实验)

DMSO 中的溶解度 : ≥ 31 mg/mL (65.06 mM; 吸湿的 DMSO 对产品的溶解度有显著影响，请使用新开封的 DMSO)|H₂O 中的溶解度 : 6.67 mg/mL (14.00 mM; 超声助溶)|* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

溶解方案(动物实验)

"方案 一": "请依序添加每种溶剂：10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% SalineSolubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.37 mM); 澄清溶液 此方案可获得 ≥ 2.08 mg/mL（饱和度未知）的澄清溶液。以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀；再向上述体系中加入 50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀；然后再继续加入 450 μL 生理盐水 定容至 1 mL。生理盐水的配制：将 0.9 g 氯化钠，溶解于 ddH₂O 并定容至 100 mL，可以得到澄清透明的生理盐水溶液。"

"方案 二": "请依序添加每种溶剂：10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.37 mM); 澄清溶液 此方案可获得 ≥ 2.08 mg/mL（饱和度未知）的澄清溶液。以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL 20% 的 SBE-β-CD 生理盐水水溶液 中，混合均匀。2 g SBE-β-CD（磺丁基醚 β-环糊精）粉末定容于 10 mL 的生理盐水中，完全溶解至澄清透明。"

"方案 三": "请依序添加每种溶剂：10% DMSO 90% Corn OilSolubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.37 mM); 澄清溶液 此方案可获得 ≥ 2.08 mg/mL（饱和度未知）的澄清溶液，此方案实验周期在半个月以上的动物实验酌情使用。以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL玉米油中，混合均匀。"

"方案 一": "请依序添加每种溶剂：PBSSolubility: 40 mg/mL (83.95 mM); 澄清溶液; 超声助溶"