Shikonin

Shikonin is the major bioactive chemical component of Lithospermum erythrorhizon (Purple Cromwell) roots. It shows anticancer activity both in vitro and in vivo. At low concentration, shikonin induced apoptosis in various kinds of cell lines of different origins, including M10 (Mammary epithelial cells), EC109, EC9706 (Esophageal cancer,Esophageal epithelial cells), HCT116, SW620 (Colon cancer), A549 (Lung adenocarcinoma), AGS (Gastric cancer), 8505C8305C, FTC133, BCPAP, TPC1C643IHH4, K (Thyroid cancer) and Htori (Immortalized thyroid epithelial cells), etc.. However, at high concentrations shikonin induced necroptosis in various cancer cell lines. The mode of action of shikonin is associated with cell cycle, glycolysis, metastasis, DNA damage, inflammation, angiogenesis, epigenetics, autophagy or ferroxitosis. In vivo studies showed that shikonin exhibited anti-tumor effects through chemoprevention, cell death or other mechanisms in xenograft, carcinogen-induced, orthotopic or allograft cancer models. Shikonin is also used as a PKM2 inhibitor. Inhibition of PKM2 by shikonin re-sensitized the cisplatin resistant T24 cells and killed the T24 cisplatin resistant cells by inducing necroptosis at concentration of 0.4μM. Recent study found that shikonin showed inhibition effect on 2019-nCoV.

溶解方案(细胞实验)

DMSO 中的溶解度 : 125 mg/mL (433.58 mM; 超声助溶; 吸湿的 DMSO 对产品的溶解度有显著影响，请使用新开封的 DMSO)

溶解方案(动物实验)

"方案 一": "请依序添加每种溶剂：10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% SalineSolubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.21 mM); 澄清溶液 此方案可获得 ≥ 2.08 mg/mL（饱和度未知）的澄清溶液。以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 400 μL PEG300 中，混合均匀；再向上述体系中加入 50 μL Tween-80，混合均匀；然后再继续加入 450 μL 生理盐水 定容至 1 mL。生理盐水的配制：将 0.9 g 氯化钠，溶解于 ddH₂O 并定容至 100 mL，可以得到澄清透明的生理盐水溶液。"

"方案 二": "请依序添加每种溶剂：10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.21 mM); 澄清溶液 此方案可获得 ≥ 2.08 mg/mL（饱和度未知）的澄清溶液。以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL 20% 的 SBE-β-CD 生理盐水水溶液 中，混合均匀。2 g SBE-β-CD（磺丁基醚 β-环糊精）粉末定容于 10 mL 的生理盐水中，完全溶解至澄清透明。"

"方案 三": "请依序添加每种溶剂：10% DMSO 90% Corn OilSolubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.21 mM); 澄清溶液 此方案可获得 ≥ 2.08 mg/mL（饱和度未知）的澄清溶液，此方案实验周期在半个月以上的动物实验酌情使用。以 1 mL 工作液为例，取 100 μL 20.8 mg/mL 的澄清 DMSO 储备液加到 900 μL玉米油中，混合均匀。"

"方案 一": "请依序添加每种溶剂：0.5% CMC-Na/saline waterSolubility: 30 mg/mL (104.06 mM); 悬浊液; 超声助溶"