TNF-α Antibody, anti-human, AP

Intracellular staining of TNF-α–producing human cellsTumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is produced by cells that are involved in inflammatory immune responses. TNF-α is secreted by activated CD4+ T cells, monocytes, macrophages, NK cells, and neutrophils. | Anti-TNF-α antibodies have been designed for intracellular staining of TNF-α–producing cells. Cells can be stimulated for TNF-α production, for example, by polyclonal stimulation with mitogens. For induction of TNF-α production by antigen-specific T cells, cells are restimulated with the respective antigen. TNF-α can be accumulated in the cells by addition of secretion inhibitors like brefeldin A. After fixation and permeabilization of the cell sample, TNF-α–producing cells can be stained intracellularly with Anti-TNF-α antibodies. Staining for surface markers allows simultaneous flow cytometric analysis of subsets and activation status of the TNF-α–producing cells.