ab13723-100ug，Anti-SMAD 1/5/8/

SMAD 1/5/8/9 also known by the genes SMAD1 SMAD5 SMAD8 and SMAD9 are integral proteins in the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway. These proteins function as transcriptional modulators once activated. The molecular weight of SMAD1 SMAD5 and SMAD8 ranges from approximately 60 to 65 kDa. These proteins are expressed in various tissues and are especially active in bone cartilage and the vascular system. They act by transmitting extracellular signals from TGF-β superfamily ligands to the nucleus leading to gene expression changes./ Biological function summary/ SMAD1/5/8/9 proteins play essential roles in processes like cellular proliferation differentiation and apoptosis. These proteins typically form complexes with other SMAD proteins such as SMAD4 upon activation by type I receptor kinases. The formation of these complexes is important for their translocation to the nucleus where they regulate target gene expression. This regulation is key in controlling pivotal developmental and homeostatic processes across different cell types./