NM (Neuronal Medium)培养基

神经元培养基是为正常人类神经元体外培养设计的适于其生长的培养基。无血清培养基是无菌的、液体培养基，包含必需和非必需氨基、维生素、有机和无机化合物、激素、生长因子、微量矿物质。该培养基不含血清。该培养基含碳酸氢盐缓冲体系，在5%二氧化碳/95%空气培养箱中平衡时PH值为7.4。该培养基在数量上和质量上都保证理想的营养平衡状态，选择性促进体外正常人类神经元的生长。
成分：
神经元培养基包含500 ml基础培养基，5 ml神经元生长添加物(NGS，目录编号1562)和5 ml青霉素/链霉素溶液(P/S，目录编号0503)

1. Olsson, M., Hultman, K., Dunoyer-Geindre, S., Curtis, M.A., Faull, R.L.M., Kruithof, E.K.O. & Jern, C. (2016) Epigenetic Regulation of Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator in Human Brain Tissue and Brain-Derived Cells Gene Regul Syst Bio. 10

The serine protease tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) is involved in both vital physiological brain processes, such as synaptic plasticity, and pathophysiological conditions, such as neurodegeneration and ischemic stroke. Recent data suggest that epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in the regulation of t-PA in human endothelial cells. However, there are limited data on epigenetic regulation of t-PA in human brain-derived cells. We demonstrate that treatment of cultured human neurons and human astrocytes with the histone deacetylase inhibitors trichostatin A (TSA) and MS-275 resulted in a two- to threefold increase in t-PA mRNA and protein expression levels. Next, we performed a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay on treated astrocytes with antibodies directed against acetylated histones H3 and H4 (both markers of gene activation). Treatment with MS-275 and TSA for 24 hours resulted in a significant increase in H3 acetylation, which could explain the observed increase in t-PA gene activity after the inhibition of histone deacetylation. Furthermore, DNA methylation analysis of cultured human neurons and astrocytes, as well as human postmortem brain tissue, revealed a stretch of unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in the proximal t-PA promoter, whereas more upstream CpGs were highly methylated. Taken together, these results implicate involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of t-PA expression in the human brain. Less

2. Li, J., Zhou, J., Zhang, D., Song, Y., She, J. & Bai, C. (2015) Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells enhance autophagy via PI3K/AKT signalling to reduce the severity of ischaemia/reperfusion-induced lung injury J Cell Mol Med. 19

Autophagy, a type II programmed cell death, is essential for cell survival under stress, e.g. lung injury, and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have great potential for cell therapy. However, the mechanisms underlying the BM-MSC activation of autophagy to provide a therapeutic effect in ischaemia/reperfusion-induced lung injury (IRI) remain unclear. Thus, we investigate the activation of autophagy in IRI following transplantation with BM-MSCs. Seventy mice were pre-treated with BM-MSCs before they underwent lung IRI surgery in vivo. Human pulmonary micro-vascular endothelial cells (HPMVECs) were pre-conditioned with BM-MSCs by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD) in vitro. Expression markers for autophagy and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signalling pathway were analysed. In IRI-treated mice, administration of BM-MSCs significantly attenuated lung injury and inflammation, and increased the level of autophagy. In OGD-treated HPMVECs, co-culture with BM-MSCs attenuated endothelial permeability by decreasing the level of cell death and enhanced autophagic activation. Moreover, administration of BM-MSCs decreased the level of PI3K class I and p-Akt while the expression of PI3K class III was increased. Finally, BM-MSCs-induced autophagic activity was prevented using the inhibitor LY294002. Administration of BM-MSCs attenuated lung injury by improving the autophagy level via the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. These findings provide further understanding of the mechanisms related to BM-MSCs and will help to develop new cell-based therapeutic strategies in lung injury. Less