In Vivo Grade Recombinant Huma

Isotype control antibodies (negative control antibodies or reference antibodies) are frequently used in various antibody-related in vivo and in vitro experiments such as ELISA, Western blot, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, immunoprecipitation, and flow cytometry. Isotype control antibodies are used as negative controls of primary antibodies to check presence of non-specific binding to Fc receptors on the cell surface, other cellular proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Thus, the isotype control antibody normally matches the host species and isotype, including light chains (such as human IgG1 kappa antibody), concentration, and conjugation format of the experimental primary antibody. The following mutations have been introduced to alter the constant regions of an IgG1 antibody to change its immunologic properties by Fc interaction with host proteins: hIgG1 heavy chain R214K hIgG1 heavy chain R214K/N297A hIgG1 heavy chain L234A/L235A hIgG1 heavy chain L234F/L235E/P331S hIgG1 heavy chain L235A/G237A hIgG1 heavy chain D356E/L358M hIgG1 heavy chain F126L hIgG1 heavy chain D265A hIgG1 heavy chain F243L/R292P/Y300L/V305I/P396L hIgG1 heavy chain S239D/I332E hIgG1 heavy chain S239D/I332E/A330L hIgG1 heavy chain S298A/E333A/K334A hIgG1 heavy chain G236A/S239D/I332E hIgG1 heavy chain K326W/E333S hIgG1 heavy chain S267E/H268F/S324T hIgG1 heavy chain E345R/E430G/S440Y hIgG1 heavy chain N297A hIgG1 heavy chain N297Q hIgG1 heavy chain N297G hIgG1 heavy chain L235E hIgG1 heavy chain L234A/L235A hIgG1 heavy chain M252Y/S254T/T256E hIgG1 heavy chain M428L/N434S hIgG1 heavy chain S267E/L328F hIgG1 heavy chain N325S/L328F