BioLegend 693902 Purified anti

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BioLegend 693902 Purified anti-ATF4
产品简介：
产品品牌：BioLegend
产品货号：693902
产品名称：BioLegend 693902 Purified anti-ATF4
产品规格：100 µg

产品说明：
Clone   W16016A (See other available formats)
Regulatory Status   RUO
Other Names
Activating transcription factor 4, Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4, CREB-2, DNA-binding protein TAXREB67
Isotype    Rat IgG2a, κ

描述
ER通过激活细胞内信号通路对管腔中未折叠蛋白的积累做出反应，统称为未折叠蛋白反应（UPR）。UPR的三个主要分支已被鉴定，包括IRE1（需要肌醇的酶1）、PERK（双链RNA活化蛋白激酶（PKR）样ER激酶）和ATF6（活化转录因子6）。普遍定期审议的第二个分支由PERK调解。激活后，PERK寡聚并磷酸化自身和普遍存在的翻译起始因子eIF2a，使eIF2失活并抑制mRNA翻译。通过这种方式，PERK有助于减少蛋白质进入内质网的流量，以缓解内质网应激。此外，eIF2a磷酸化优先增加选择性mRNA的翻译，这些选择性mRNA在其5'非翻译区（UTR）内含有抑制性上游开放阅读框（uORF），从而阻止在未表达细胞中的翻译。这些基因中研究最多的是ATF4（激活转录因子4）。ATF4属于碱性拉链蛋白家族。作为一种转录因子，ATF4靶基因启动子区已鉴定出三个保守的结合位点，包括CRE位点、氨基酸反应元件（AARE）位点和营养感应反应元件-1（NSRE-1）位点。ATF4驱动的两个重要靶基因是CHOP（转录因子C/EBP同源蛋白）和GADD34（生长停滞和DNA损伤诱导型34）。CHOP是一种控制编码参与细胞凋亡的成分的基因的转录因子。GADD34编码蛋白磷酸酶PP1C的PERK诱导型调节亚基，该亚基通过去磷酸化eIF2a来对抗PERK。
大量证据表明，ATF4在各种生理和病理活动中发挥着至关重要的作用，如内质网应激、造血、晶状体和骨骼发育、耐缺氧、自噬、氨基酸剥夺、学习记忆形成、肿瘤发展和神经退行性变化。
The ER responds to the accumulation ofunfolded proteins in its lumenby activating intracellular signaling pathways, which is collectively termed the unfolded protein response (UPR). Three major branches of the UPR have been identified, including IRE1 (inositol requiring enzyme 1), PERK [double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR)–like ER kinase], and ATF6 (activating transcription factor 6). The second branch of the UPR is mediated by PERK. Upon activation, PERK oligomerizes and phosphorylates itself and the ubiquitous translation initiation factor eIF2a, which inactivates eIF2 and inhibits mRNA translation. In this way, PERK helps reduce the flux of protein entering the ER to alleviate ER stress. In addition, eIF2a phosphorylation preferentially increases the translation of selective mRNAs that contain inhibitory upstream open reading frames (uORFs) within their 5’ untranslated region (UTR) that prevent translation in unstressed cells. The most studied of these genes is ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4). ATF4 belongs to the family of basic zipper-containing proteins. As a transcription factor, three conserved binding sites in the promoter regions of ATF4 target genes have been identified, including CRE site, amino acid response element (AARE) site, and nutrient-sensing response element-1 (NSRE-1) site. Two important target genes driven by ATF4 are CHOP (transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein) and GADD34 (growth arrest and DNA damage–inducible 34). CHOP is a transcription factor that controls genes encoding components involved in apoptosis. GADD34 encodes a PERK-inducible regulatory subunit of the protein phosphatase PP1C that counteracts PERK by dephosphorylating eIF2a.

Lines of evidence have shown that ATF4 plays crucial roles in various physiological and pathological activities, such as ER stress, hematopoiesis, lens and skeletal development, hypoxia resistance, autophagy, amino acid deprivation, learning and memory formation, tumor development and neurodegeneration.

Product Details
Verified Reactivity   Human, Mouse
Antibody Type   Monoclonal
Host Species   Rat
Immunogen
Partial human ATF4 (102-351 a.a.) expressed in E. coli.
Formulation
Phosphate-buffered solution, pH 7.2, containing 0.09% sodium azide.

Preparation
The antibody was purified by affinity chromatography.
Concentration   0.5 mg/ml

Storage & Handling
The antibody solution should be stored undiluted between 2°C and 8°C.
Application   WB - Quality tested

Recommended Usage
Each lot of this antibody is quality control tested by Western blotting. For Western blotting, the suggested use of this reagent is 0.2 - 2.0 µg per ml. It is recommended that the reagent be titrated for optimal performance for each application.

Antigen Details
Structure
351 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 39 kD.
Distribution    Cytoplasm and nucleus.

Function
Transcriptional activator. Upregulates a UPR genes that function preferentially in amino acid import, glutathione biosynthesis, and resistance to oxidative stress.

Interaction
Binds DNA as a homodimer and as a heterodimer. Interacts with CEBPB, GABBR1 and GABBR2, FOXO1, SATB2, CEP290, NEK6, DAPK2, ZIPK/DAPK3, TXLNG, DDIT3/CHOP, FAM175B.

Biology Area
Cell Biology, Signal Transduction, Transcription Factors

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