In Vitro: Withanolide B (1-100 nM; 3-5 days) significantly increases the expression of COL1A1 and RUNX2 genes and proteins in hBMSCs. Withanolide B (1-100 nM; 11 or 3 days) increases the formation of extracellular matrix calcium deposits and increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Withanolide B (1-100 nM; 3-5 days) increases the protein expressions of p-ERK and active β-catenin of hBMSCs. Withanolide B (10-100 μM; 48 h) reverses the Aβ42 aggregation-induced toxicy in SK-N-SH cells.
In Vivo: Withanolide B (10 mg/kg; topical administration) promotes bone healing in a rat tibial defect model.