In Vitro: D(+)-Galactosamine (5 mM, 0-24 h) hydrochloride induces apoptosis and necrosis in primary culture of rat hepatocytes, and induces caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation.
In Vivo: D(+)-Galactosamine (700 mg/kg, i.p.) hydrochloride and Lipopolysaccharide (HY-D1056) (LPS, 10 μg/kg) induces a model of acute liver failure in rats, shows symptoms such as anorexia, convulsion, syncope, and low spirits, with the death rate being 40.0% (36/90). D(+)-Galactosamine (400 mg/kg, i.p.) hydrochloride and Lipopolysaccharide (HY-D1056) (LPS, 10 μg/kg) induces a model of acute liver failure in C57BL/6J mice.