ATGL

The Adiponutrin family members, which have been implicated in obesity and diabetes, consist of Adiponutrin (ADPN), GS1, GS2, GS2-like, PNPLA1, and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), also designated Desnutrin or Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 (PLNPA2). AGTL is a 486-amino acid protein that is highly expressed in mouse and human adipose tissue. It contains a highly conserved 180-amino acid N-terminal patatin domain common to plant acyl-hydrolases with a glycine-rich region, an aspartate active site motif, and an active serine hydrolase motif. Along with hormone-sensitive lipase, ATGL catabolizes stored triglycerides in mammalian adipose tissue. The lipase activity of AGTL is dependent upon the presence of an activated serine residue. ADPN and ATGL are oppositely regulated by insulin, where upregulation of ATGl and downregulation of ADPN occurs when fasting.