| 背景： |
The activating transcription factor ATF2 (also called CRE-BP1) binds to both AP-1 and CRE DNA response elements and is a member of the ATF/CREB family of leucine zipper proteins (Maekawa et al., 1989). ATF2 has been implicated in the transcriptional regulation of a number of genes including cytokines, cell cycle control and apoptosis. Various forms of cellular stress, including inflammatory cytokines and UV irradiation, stimulate the transcriptional activity of ATF2 (Ivanov et al., 2003; Morton et al., 2004). Stress induced ATF-dependent transcription is dependent on phosphorylation of ATF (Fuchs et al., 2000); Morton et al., 2004). Serine 490 and serine 498 are novel phosphorylation sites on ATF that have recently been identified. ATF2 is particularly abundant in the brain and the ATF2 family of transcription factors is considered an important substrate of signals upstream of the activation of genes associated with neuronal growth and differentiation (Karin and Hunter, 1995). ATF expression has also been linked to the depression in humans (Laifenfeld et al., 2004).REFERENCESFuchs SY, Tappin I, Ronai Z (2000) Stability of the ATF2 transcription factor is regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. J Biol Chem 275:12560-12564.Ivanov VN, Bhoumik A, Ronai Z (2003) Death receptors and melanoma resistance to apoptosis. Oncogene 22:3152-3161.Karin M, Hunter T (1995) Transcriptional control by protein phosphorylation: Signal transmission from the cell surface to the nucleus. Curr Biol 5:747-757.Laifenfeld D, Karry R, Grauer E, Klein E, Ben-Shachar D (2004) ATF2, a member of the CREB/ATF family of transcription factors, in chronic stress and consequent to antidepressant treatment: animal models and human post-mortem brains. Neuropsychopharmacology 29:589-597.Maekawa T, Sakura H, Kanei-Ishii C, Sudo T, Yoshimura T, Fujisawa J, Yoshida M, Ishii S (1989) Leucine zipper structure of the protein CRE-BP1 binding to the cyclic AMP response element in brain. EMBO J 8:2023-2028.Morton S, Davis RJ, Cohen P (2004) Signalling pathways involved in multisite phosphorylation of the transcription factor ATF2. FEBS Lett 572:177-183. |
| 其他名字： |
Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2, cAMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2, 2.3.1.48, Activating transcription factor 2, Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 2, CREB-2, cAMP-responsive element-binding protein 2, HB16, Histone acetyltransferase ATF2, cAMP response element-bin |
