蛋白多糖及其调控因子
蛋白聚糖是特殊的糖蛋白，它们通常携带粘多糖（GAG）。GAG是线性多糖，有着交替分布的常规糖和氨基糖。因这些分子在细胞膜和细胞外基质上的位置特殊，故它们对细胞信号特别重要。它们还能够与细胞外基质中的蛋白（如生长因子和细胞因子）发生相互作用并调控它们。根据它们携带的GAG类型或核心蛋白之间的同源程度，可以对蛋白聚糖进行分类。GAG包括硫酸乙酰肝素、硫酸软骨素、硫酸角蛋白和硫酸皮肤素。单个蛋白聚糖可携带一种或多种类型的GAG。
Proteoglycans & Regulators
Proteoglycans are specialized glycoproteins that usually carry glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). GAGs are linear polysaccharides with alternating regular sugars and amino sugars. These molecules are especially important in cell signaling due to their unique location on the cell membrane and in the extracellular matrix. They also have the ability to interact with and modulate proteins found in extracellular matrix such as growth factors and cytokines. Proteoglycans can be grouped according to the types of GAG they carry or by the degree of homology between their core proteins. GAGs include heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, keratin sulfate, and dermatan sulfate. A single proteoglycan can carry one or more types of GAGs.
Proteoglycans