细胞技术

Compromised mitochondrial DNA structural integrity can have functional consequences in mitochondrial gene expression and replication leading to metabolic and degenerative diseases, aging and cancer. Gel electrophoresis coupled with Southern blot and probe hybridiza ...

8-Oxoguanine (8-oxoG), an oxidized form of guanine, is one of the major mutagenic lesions generated under oxidative stress. Oxidative damage in mitochondrial DNA has been implicated as a causative factor for a wide variety of degenerative diseases as well as for cancer during aging. We establ ...

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is in relatively close proximity to reactive oxygen species (ROS) arising from spontaneous superoxide formation during respiration. As a result, it sustains oxidative damage that may include base modifications, base loss, and strand breaks. mtDNA replic ...

The mitochondrial genome represents a target for exogenous and endogenous damage. Its necessity for successful electron transport makes its repair valuable to the cell. Previous work from our lab has shown that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can be repaired in mammalian cells, and the use of mito ...

Mutation of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been linked to maternally inherited neuromuscular disorders and is implicated in more common diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and Parkinson’s disease. Mutations in mtDNA also accumulate with age and are therefore believed to contrib ...

Oxidative base lesions, such as 8-oxoguanine, accumulate in nuclear and mitochondrial DNAs under oxidative stress, resulting in cell death. However, it is not known whether only oxidative lesion accumulated in mitochondrial DNA is involved in such cell death. By introducing human cDNA e ...

Since its introduction more than a decade ago, denaturing HPLC has been widely used to screen nuclear and mitochondrial DNA for mutations. We recently developed a quantitative method based on denaturing HPLC to measure DNA mutation load, using tRNA Leu(UUR) region of the mitochondrial DNA as an ...

Identification of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations is essential for diagnosis and genetic counseling of mitochondrial diseases. In this chapter, we describe a strategy for the rapid identification of heteroplasmic mtDNA mutations that can be used routinely in molecular gene ...

Mitochondrial genome integrity is an important issue in somatic mitochondrial genetics. Development of quantitative methods is indispensable to somatic mitochondrial genetics as quantitative studies are required to characterize heteroplasmy and mutation processes, ...

Mitochondrial genome integrity is an important issue in somatic mitochondrial genetics. Development of quantitative methods is indispensable to somatic mitochondrial genetics as quantitative studies are required to characterize heteroplasmy and mutation processes, ...

The ability to measure molar concentrations of deoxyribonucleoside 5′-triphosphates (dNTPs) within the mitochondrial matrix is important for several reasons. First, the spontaneous mutation rate for the mitochondrial genome is much higher than that for the nuclear genome, and dN ...

The mainstay of clinical antineoplastic chemotherapy is multiagent combinations, most of which were developed empirically. Because of the desire to speed research and decrease costs, there is increasing interest in moving new drugs into clinical trials in potentially active comb ...

There has been an explosion in the number of potential molecular targets that can be explored for selective cancer treatment. The stage is now set to translate years of productive cancer research into more patient-friendly anticancer therapeutics. At present, the challenge is how to identi ...

In the study of multi-modality therapy or combined chemotherapy, it is of interest to determine whether the combined effects of two agents are additive or whether their combination is substantially different from the sum of their parts (1,2). While controversy and discussion continue and n ...

The accumulation of cells characteristic of neoplastic disease results from the combination of unrestrained cell growth and diminished cell death. One form of programmed cell death, apoptosis (a Greek neologism meaning “dropping off” that conjures images of leaves falling from a tree ...

Most hematological malignancies have clonal cells that reside in the bone marrow environment, and their analysis is critical for diagnosis (1). In the process of procuring a clinical sample, research samples are frequently obtained, and their prompt and appropriate management should ...

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) are serine/threonine kinases that regulate cell cycle control and progression (1,2). A CDK holoenzyme complex is active if associated with its cyclin partner and if the complex is phosphorylated at specific activating residues (threonine 160/161) (1 ...

The Ataxia Telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and the ATM and Rad3-related (ATR) proteins function in partially overlapping DNA damage checkpoint pathways that orchestrate the cellular response to DNA damage. Both proteins belong to a growing family of serine/threonine-directed kina ...

Tumor reactive monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have been developed and tested as anti-tumor therapy. Some mAb have shown efficacy and are now approved as clinical cancer therapy. The mechanism of action for the antitumor effect includes tumor cell destruction by effector cells with Fc recept ...

Selectins form a group of C-type lectins, which bind to carbohydrates in a calcium dependent manner. Three selectins, E-, L-, and P-selectins are known. All selectins bind to sialyl Lewis X (sLex). E-selectin (endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 or ELAM-1; CD62E) is expressed in the endothelial c ...