细胞技术

Many murine and human tumors contain hypoxic or necrotic regions in which the oxygen tension is abnormally low. For example,50% of primary tumors of the breast, cervix, and head and neck contain areas that are hypoxic. Because hypoxic regions are not present in normal tissue, this provides the pote ...

A great variety of viral and nonviral expression systems has been developed and assessed for their ability to transfer genes into somatic cells. In particular, retroviral and adenoviral mediated gene transfer has been extensively studied and improved at least because of their capabili ...

It is important to analyze to what extent these random or designed mutations abrogate viral replication in normal cells because a tightly controlled vector could be injected at higher doses intratumorally or even systemically. On the other hand, it is also important to analyze to what extent th ...

Gene therapy provides a potentially powerful approach for cancer treatment. One strategy is based on direct transfer of a suicide gene, which encodes enzymes that can activate a prodrug within tumor cells and thereby render the tumor cells sensitive to agents that are otherwise nontoxic to the ...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies with poor prognosis worldwide, especially in eastern Asia and Africa (1). Recent advances in delivering genes to mammalian cells stimulate the possibility of gene therapy for human diseases, including cancer gene t ...

During the past several years, particle-mediated delivery techniques have been developed as a nonviral technology for gene transfer (1-7). For mammalian somatic tissues, this technology, popularly known as the gene gun method, has been shown effective for transfection of skin, liver, pa ...

Development of safe and effective technology for delivering functional DNA into cells in an intact organism is crucial to broad applications of gene therapy to human disease. Both viral and nonviral vectors have been developed. Of the technologies currently being studied, liposomal de ...

Direct injection of naked DNA into tissues as a gene-delivery method has been extensively studied for genetic immunization and gene therapy (1). When naked plasmid DNA was used as a negative control while cationic liposomes were studied, it was surprisingly found that direct injection of nak ...

The molecular definition of tumor antigens, costimulatory signals, and the possibility to genetically engineer tumor cells as well as simple protocols for efficient isolation and preparation of dendritic cells (DC) renew the interest in tumor immunotherapy and vaccination, in par ...

Gliomas account for about 60% of all primary CNS tumors; two-thirds of all gliomas comprise the most malignant form, glioblastoma multiforme, or glioma grade IV. Although much progress has been achieved in the treatment of other solid tumors over the last few decades, the median survival of patie ...

Genes-encoding marker proteins, which are easily assayable, are useful to monitor cell lineage, gene expression, or promoter activities. In gene-transfer technology such marker genes allow a direct and simple detection of successfully transduced cells. The detection of marker gene ...

The expression of a foreign protein in the skin following direct in vivo gene transfer results in the induction of potent cellular and humoral immune responses. This strategy, now known as genetic or DNA immunization, was first described by Johnston et al. in 1992. They reported that bombardment of ...

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death for men and women in the United States. Several factors affect survival in nonsmall-cell lung cancer . The 5-yr survival rate is

The application of antioncogene ribozyme in the gene therapy of breast cancer by means of recombinant adenoviral vector is dicussed in this chapter. We have shown that recombinant adenovirus encoding anti-cerbB2 ribozyme inhibited the breast cancer cell growth in vivo efficiently (1 ...

Multidrug resistance (MDR) in human cancer seriously limits the efficacy of anticancer agents. Circumvention of MDR is, thus, one of the urgent goals for successful cancer chemotherapy.

The technical approaches to gene therapy for cancer utilize ex vivo and in vivo gene-transfer methodology. This chapter focuses on applicability and use of an ex vivo approach using an IGF-1 antisense RNA strategy of treatment. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and IGF-2 have pivotal roles in c ...

The progress made in understanding the molecular basis of mammalian cell transformation has led to the unifying concept of growth regulation and its disorders in cancer cells. Today it is well recognized that many products of “cancer genes” encode for proteins that regulate normal mitogen ...

The loss of control over the cell cycle and the disruption of cascade mechanisms for programmed cell death are major factors in tumorigenesis. Defects in thep53 gene and in the regulation of genes of the retinoblastoma pathway such as p16 or cyclin D1 occur in a large percentage of tumors and have been we ...

The delineation of the molecular basis of cancer in general, allows for the possibility of specific intervention at the molecular level for therapeutic purposes. To this end, three main approaches have been developed: mutation compensation, molecular chemotherapy, and genetic immu ...

P450 prodrug activation-based cancer gene therapy strategies have been developed and show striking effectiveness in both in vitro cell culture and preclinical antitumor animal models (1,2). In vivo tumor models play an important role in the evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of the ...