细胞技术

The most important prognostic parameters for gynecologic malignancies are tumor stage, residual tumor after surgical treatment, histological subtype, and degree of malignancy (1-2). However, these factors present an incomplete picture of the tumor biology. Therefore, invest ...

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine displaying diverse biologic functions that can be produced by a broad variety of normal and malignant cell types (1). In vivo, high levels of bioactive IL-6 have been detected in the ascites of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer, sugges ...

A large number of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to various tumor cell lines have been developed (1). However, MAbs have thus far had limited therapeutic impact in oncology, probably in part because many murine MAbs do not effectively recruit immune effector mechanisms, such as complement fix ...

Ovarian cancer arises from the accumulation of mutations in multiple combinations of genes (1). The most extensively studied tumor suppressor gene in solid tumors is p53, a 53-kD nuclear phosphoprotein that binds DNA. The p53 gene product plays a role in normal cellular proliferation by regu ...

Ovarian carcinoma is the most lethal tumor of the female genital tract and continues to be a major cause of female cancer deaths, largely as a function of early abdominal seeding producing carcinomatosis. The high rate of mortality is mainly caused by the difficulties of early detection of this dis ...

Amplification or overexpression of the c-erbB-2 oncogene (also known as HER-2, neu) is a frequent event in many types of human cancer including 20-30% of ovarian cancers where it characterizes a group of patients with poor prognosis (1,2). The expression of p185 (c-erbB-2) is in contrast quite restr ...

Overexpression of erbB-2 is important in the pathogenesis of a variety of human neoplasms. Overexpression of the erbB-2 gene product has been associated with poor clinical prognosis with respect to malignancies originating in the ovary, breast, gastrointestinal tract, salivary gla ...

Cellular transformation does not necessarily require the expression of proteins with neoantigenic properties, and for this reason, immunosurveillance does not register all tumor cells. They frequently express potentially immunogenic components, but are able to escape elim ...

One of the major failures of conventional cancer therapy has been the inability to achieve a sufficient differential in toxicity between normal and neoplastic tissues. Since hybridoma technology was established (1), monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been raised against a variety of t ...

Conventional medical approaches are limited in part on the prognosis of ovarian cancer. Although the advent of platinum- and taxane-based combination chemotherapy represents a significant advance in the treatment of ovarian carcinoma, the 5-yr survival of patients with intraper ...

Ovarian cancer, as used in this review on drug resistance, applies to the study of the problem in those malignant tumors which arise from the modified peritoneal mesothelial cells, which cover the ovarian surface. These tumors are, by far, the most common malignancies of the ovary and display a remar ...

In the United States, ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cause of female cancer death behind lung, breast, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers. It is estimated that 14,500 women in the United States will die of ovarian cancer in 1999 (1). Epithelial ovarian carcinoma accounts for 90% of all ovarian ...

Tumor markers are used for multiple purposes in clinical care, including screening asymptomatic subjects, differential diagnosis of symptomatic patients, treatment planning, prognosis during and immediately following treatment, and monitoring for recurrence. Genera ...

Ovarian neoplasms are notoriously heterogeneous-the World Health Organization classification (1) includes 46 different epithelial tumor types, 24 sex cord stromal types, 29 germ cell types, and 13 other categories, not including 17 other tumor-like conditions (Table 1). Many of the ...

More than 90% of epithelial ovarian cancers are clonal neoplasms that arise from the progeny of a single cell (1-3). Comparison of primary and metastatic sites from the same patient has detected similar patterns of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on different chromosomes, inactivation of the same X ...

In recent years, there has been considerable progress in understanding the molecular events that give rise to clonal tumor development. This is best described by the steps in the development of colorectal tumors in which the activation of cellular protooncogenes and inactivation of seve ...

The ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) is the part of the pelvic mesothelium that covers the ovary. It comprises only a minute fraction of the ovary-however, it is the source of the epithelial ovarian carcinomas which are the prime cause of death from gynecological malignancies in North American a ...

The MTT (3--2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) growth assay developed by Mosmann (1) offers a simple, rapid, and precise measurement of cell viability and proliferation of adherent cell lines (2). The value of this assay is in the screening of large numbers of samples. The MTT assay, a quantitative c ...

Epithelial ovarian cancer cells spread by two major pathways. One is by exfoliation of tumor cells from the ovarian surface, with resulting implants on peritoneal surfaces such as omentum, diaphragm, and bowel serosa. The second pathway of spread of epithelial ovarian cancer is that of invas ...

The use of human tumor xenografts grown in immunodeficient animals as a model for human cancers is well established and their value depends on the extent to which their characteristics reflect the properties of a particular cancer in the clinical situation. For endocrine-sensitive tumor ...