细胞技术

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer of the female reproductive system with 1 in every 70 women developing the disease. In the United States for the year 2000, there were projected to be approx 23,000 diagnoses and 14,000 deaths from ovarian cancer (1). Most patients present with dise ...

Sixty percent of all intracranial neoplasms are of glial origin. As a result of their infiltrative growth and heterogeneity, standard treatment (surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy) is noncurative (2,2). Patient survival is poor and has not significantly improved over the past 20 y ...

Since the dawn of mankind, there has been cancer. From so simple a beginning, cancer, in all of its forms and complexities, has become the second leading cause of death in the United States. It is responsible for one out of four deaths, and totaled 549,838 (23% of all deaths) for the year 1999 (1). It is estimated that it wi ...

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States, and an estimated 148,300 cases will occur in 2002, representing approx 11.5% of all new cancers. In men and women, colorectal cancer incidence declined between the mid-1980s and the mid-1990s and stabili ...

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents approximately 2% of all cancers and accounts for 85% of renal cancers in adults. There are more than 30,000 new cases per year and in excess of 12,000 deaths in the United States (1). RCC is rare in the first two decades of life, comprising only 2% of pediatric tumors. The incid ...

Apoptosis is the name given to a normal cell process—that of programmed cell death. As the term implies, this is normally a well controlled and highly regulated series of events leading to the elimination of an “unwanted” cell. Without this process, many stages of embryogenesis would not be complete ...

Although cell death is often seen as a pathological process, there are classically two types of cell death in biological systems, namely necrosis (accidental cell death) and apoptosis (programmed cell death). Although it was recognized from the early fifties that cell death was a natural pro ...

Several methods exist for the detection of apoptosis using features of the cell as it undergoes the various stages leading to the death of the cell (1,2). One of the earliest uses of flow cytometry was the detecting of a sub-G0 peak in the DNA histogram that showed fragmentation of the nucleus (3). The terminal ...

Interactions with cell adhesion molecules determine the organization of tissues and mediate precise cell migrations during embryonic development, inflammation, the immune response, and wound repair (1–6). They are involved in the regulation of gene expression, growth, and diffe ...

A key feature of malignant cells is their capacity to invade surrounding tissue and metastasize to distant sites (1,2). The process of metastasis involves a complex series of events that include cell transformation and proliferation, vascular invasion at primary growth site with associ ...

Cell migration underlies fundamental features of embryonic development, wound healing, immune cell trafficking, and pathological processes such as cancer metastasis (1–3). Techniques that assess the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of cell migration afford insight in ...

Senescence is thought to be a programmed response to protect cells from DNA damage by preventing cell cycle progression under stress conditions (1). The prolonged arrest associated with senescence limits the number of mutational hits required for tumorigenesis, supporting a role for s ...

The observation that tumors are capable of developing resistance to anticancer agents is a well-established fact in the clinic. In order to explain this phenomenon in the laboratory, fluctuation analysis has been used in a number of studies involving tumor cell lines (1–3), although it was first ...

Transfection is the process by which exogenous DNA is transferred into eukaryotic cells. This allows the functional study of a specific gene product within a cellular context. To facilitate expression of the gene of interest, it is first cloned into a vector plasmid DNA that supplies necessary ...

A survey of the Medline titles for the years 2000–2001 revealed 125 papers whose titles included the name of the androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cell line LNCaP, and 36 papers also included PC3, the most common androgen independent line. With the addition of DU145 the list of human experiment ...

Matrigel is a solubilized tissue basement membrane matrix rich in extracellular matrix proteins that was originally isolated from the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) mouse tumor. Although composed mainly of laminin, collagen IV, heparan sulphate, proteoglycans, and entactin (ni ...

Interactions between epithelial and stromal cells are critical to the development and maintenance of tissue development. Some of these interactions can be modeled using coculture systems. Published studies have described experiments in which ovarian carcinoma cells were cult ...

The progression of prostate cancer is accompanied by the breakdown of normal epithelial-ductal architecture. This breakdown is attributable to the loss of normal homeostatic interactions between the epithelial and stromal compartments of prostatic tissue. Complex in vitro mo ...

For the cell culturist, two types of contamination require careful monitoring and constant vigilance: the contamination of cell cultures with microbiological organisms and the contamination of one cell line with another. Both forms of contamination are extremely prevalent and ca ...

Although many mycoplasma contaminations of cell cultures remain undetected over many years and thus seem to have no apparent influence on the growth or other characteristics of the cells, this is by far a misinterpretation of the symbiotic relationship of eukaryotic cells and mycoplasm ...