细胞技术

Inhalation of aerosols represents the most frequently used drug delivery method for the treatment of lung diseases. To further improve drug efficacy in the lungs, it may be advantageous to control aerosol deposition and target aerosols to diseased or disease-causing lung tissue and cell ...

In this chapter, we describe the variability of cancer occurrence by using measures of incidence, mortality, prevalence, and survival, according to demographic characteristics such as age, sex, socioeconomic status, and race/ethnicity, as well as geographic location and time perio ...

Breast cancer is the commonest cancer in most countries in Asia. The incidence rates remain low, although increasing at a more rapid rate than in western countries, due to changes in the lifestyle and diet. There are many differences between breast cancer in Asia compared with western countries. T ...

Cancer patients have a 20% higher risk of new primary cancer compared with the general population. Approximately one third of cancer survivors aged 60 years were diagnosed more than once with another cancer. As the number of cancer survivors and of older people increases, occurrence of multiple ...

It is widely accepted that there is a differential burden of cancer in certain populations, including racial/ ethnic minorities, the medically underserved, and older adults. Differences in survival, stage at diagnosis, and risk of death have been identified in these populations for canc ...

Screening should allow for the anticipation of cancer diagnosis at an earlier stage, when curative treatment is possible. Screening for cervical, large bowel, and breast cancer were shown to be effective in reducing mortality. The wide acceptance of the screening concept led to the wide diff ...

To address the diverse features of the cancer epidemic, scientists have continually been seeking out different aspects of the cancer problem from cell proliferation at the microenvironment of the cancerous cells to large-scale diversities and variations seen in the incidence of canc ...

Despite many advances in cancer therapy, metastatic disease continues to be incurable in the majority of cancer patients. There ia an need for more efficient and less toxic treatments is this setting. Oncolytic virotherapy represents a novel promising direction in the treatment of cancer. ...

Dose-limiting toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents, i.e., myelosuppression, can limit their effectiveness. The transfer and expression of drug-resistance genes might decrease the risks associated with acute hematopoietic toxicity. Protection of hematopoietic stem/pr ...

Oncolytic or replication-selective viruses have been used as powerful tools for the delivery of therapeutic genes to tumors. Because these vectors are capable of replicating within the tumor, the therapeutic gene is amplified within the target tissue itself, resulting in the spread of the ...

Current mainstays in cancer treatment such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormonal manipulation, and even targeted therapies such as trastuzumab (Herceptin) for breast cancer or erlotinib (Tarceva) for non-small cell lung cancer are limited by lack of efficacy, cellular res ...

This review deals with the avian paramyxovirus Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and describes properties that explain its oncolytic activity, its tumor-selective replication behavior, and its immune-stimulatory capacity with human cells. The strong interferon response of norm ...

A large number of oncolytic viral vectors are currently under clinical development for cancer therapy. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) has demonstrated particular promise in this field, showing genetically engineered selective tumor replication and cytotoxicity in a wide vari ...

We performed a clinical trial of gene therapy in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme based on retroviral vector-mediated combined delivery of interleukin-2 and thymidine kinase of herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1. Treatment consisted of intratumor injection of retro ...

Tumor immunotherapy depends on the interactions between the host, the tumor, and the immune system. Recent data suggests that priming of antigen-specific T cells alone may not be adequate for mediating regression of established tumors because of the immune inhibitory influences within ...

Historically, limited results have been observed with immunity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the last 5 years, however, several immune-stimulating products have demonstrated enhancement of tumor antigen recognition through activation of dendritic cell-involved p ...

Developments in gene therapy, cell therapy, and DNA vaccination require a pharmaceutical gene vector that, on one hand, fulfils the properties to express the encoded information—preferably at the right place, time, and level and, on the other hand, is safe and productive under good manufactu ...

Gene therapy is becoming increasingly relevant for the treatment of prominent human diseases. Viral vectors are currently used in more than 50% of the gene therapy clinical trials, most of them aimed at cancer diseases. Clearly, the increasing needs of high-quality viral preparations requ ...

Cancer gene transfer is a relatively novel intervention strategy. In part because of this novelty, trials often present greater uncertainties than those investigating more conventional approaches. In the following review, I examine how this greater uncertainty might affect how cl ...

Gene therapy products are highly regulated, therefore moving a promising candidate from the laboratory into the clinic can present unique challenges. Success can only be achieved by proper planning and communication within the clinical development team, as well as consultation with ...