细胞技术

The process of how a benign tumour turns invasive and capable to survive in distant organs remains poorly understood, despite the evidence that metastasis formation is the primary cause of cancer patient mortality. This ignorance is partly due to the lack of appropriate animal models from whi ...

Human solid tumors and clonal tumor cell lines comprise phenotypically and functionally diverse subsets of cancer cells and also contain stem cell-like cancer cells. Side population (SP) cells, which pump out the fluorescent dye Hoechst 33342 (H33342) via the ABCG2 transporter, define a f ...

Flow cytometry has become a standard method for separating individual subsets of cells from a heterogeneous population. Multilaser, multicolour cell sorters are increasingly common and have become more complex in recent years increasing the number of applications available. Ho ...

The use of biosensors has become a standard method to characterize biomolecular interactions. Data obtained from biosensor studies are widely used to evaluate drug candidates, particularly in relation to their binding properties towards a selected target. The importance of measu ...

Cytogenetic analysis of tumour material has been greatly enhanced over the past 30 years by the application of a range of techniques based around fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Fluorescence detection for in situ hybridization has the advantage of including the use of a multitu ...

Hormones are chemical messengers produced in one part of the body and released into the blood to trigger or regulate particular functions of the body in another part. Hormone actions vary widely, but can include stimulation or inhibition of growth, induction or suppression of apoptosis, acti ...

The identification and eventual application of tumor markers in cancer screening, early detection, diagnosis, and prognosis is a continuing focus of significant translational cancer research. While many new candidate markers have been discovered and at least partly characteri ...

Analysis of the genome provides important information about the somatic genetic changes existing in the tissue; however, it is the proteins that do the work of the cell. Diseases such as cancer are caused by derangements in cellular protein molecular networks and cell signaling pathways. The ...

Disease-related changes in serum proteins are reasonable targets for early detection particularly due to the noninvasive approach in obtaining samples. Glycoproteins specifically have been implicated in a variety of disease types ranging from immune diseases to cancers. High- ...

Changes in N-linked glycosylation are known to occur during the development of cancer. For example, increased branching of oligosaccharides has been associated with metastasis and has been correlated to tumor progression in human cancers of the breast, colon, and melanomas. Increases ...

Antibody arrays can be employed for the profiling glycan structures on proteins. Antibody arrays capture multiple, specific proteins directly from biological samples (such as serum), and lectin and glycan-binding antibodies probe the levels of specific glycans on the captured pro ...

Development of humoral and cellular immunity against self-cellular proteins in cancer patients is a phenomenal observation. The ability of immune system to sense the presence of the disease and to fight of the disease by generating autoantibodies against tumor antigens makes it a natural ...

With the identification of tumor antigens, the host immune response to various types of cancers can now be studied with a high degree of specificity in large cohorts of patients, in the hope of correlating immunity with clinical events and defining immunotherapeutic strategies. Several an ...

The comprehensive work of both clinical and basic science colleagues has demonstrated a clear proof of concept for “in vitro discovered- in vivo validated” biomarkers in translational metabolic profiling research using magnetic resonance techniques. Major tissue metabolites ...

The purpose of this chapter is to provide an introduction to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of human brain tumors, including the primary applications and basic terminology involved. Readers who wish to know more about this broad subject should ...

Metabolomics, one of the “omic” sciences in systems biology, is the global assessment and validation of endogenous small-molecule biochemicals (metabolites) within a biologic system. Initially, putative quantitative metabolic biomarkers for cancer detection and/or asses ...

Many studies demonstrated that cancer sera contain antibodies which react with autologous cellular antigens generally known as tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). In our laboratories, the approach used in the identification of TAAs has involved initially examining the sera of can ...

The development of a successful classifier from multiple predictors (analytes) is a multistage process complicated typically by the paucity of the data samples when compared to the number of available predictors. Choosing an adequate validation strategy is key for drawing sound conc ...

Identification of germline mutations that may modulate individual risk of developing cancer is a rapidly developing field. Over the last few decades, germline mutations in p53, BRCA1, BRCA2, APC, MLH1, MSH2, and MSH6 have been identified in families with a large number of relatives who have been d ...

Pharmacogenomics encompasses several major areas including the identification and analysis of variations of DNA and RNA that affect the efficacy and toxicity of drug therapy. It represents an integration of analytical approaches including DNA and RNA detection and quantitation ...