细胞技术

Colorectal cancer develops as the result of the progressive accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations that lead to the transformation of normal colonic epithelium to colon adenocarcinoma. The fact that colon cancer develops over 10–15 years and progresses through parall ...

Commonly occurring forms of human cancer have a complex multifactorial etiology that involves the interaction of inherited genotypes and endogenous or exogenous environmental exposures. The ability to understand the inherited genetic causes of cancer in human populations th ...

The term “allelotype” was first used by Vogelstein and colleagues (1), in analogy to karyotype, to describe a newly developed molecular analysis that surveyed chromosomal loss and/or aberration in a panel of human colorectal tumors. This study was the first to comprehensively screen 39 nona ...

In the United States, esophageal cancers are of the squamous cell type (ESCC) or adenocarcinoma (EADC). Other esophageal malignant neoplasms are rare. Smoking and alcohol, particularly consumption of hard liquor, are strongly associated with development of ESCC in the United States and ...

Genetic evidence strongly suggested that a tumor suppressor was located on chromosome 10. During the development of glioblastoma, one copy of chromosome 10 was typically lost (1). Cytogenetic and molecular analysis revealed partial or complete loss of chromosome 10 in bladder, endome ...

Breast cancer affects one out of every 10 women in industrialized countries, and is a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in women. Ovarian cancer, although less common than breast cancer, is very difficult to treat effectively, in part due to difficulty in early diagnosis of the disea ...

Colon cancer is the second most common cause of cancer mortality among adults in the United States today (1). Colon cancer arises from a pathological transformation of the normal colonic epithelium to an adenomatous polyp, which can then progress to an invasive tumor. This progression is broug ...

The Retinoblastoma family consists of three genes, RB, p107, and Rb2/p130, all fundamental in the control of important cellular phenomena, such as cell cycle, differentiation, and apoptosis. The “founder” and the most investigated gene of the family is RB, which is considered the prototype for ...

Tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) and oncogenes represent the ying and the yang of cell growth, differentiation, and survival control. TSGs such as p53, the retinoblastoma (RB) gene product, and the cyclin kinase inhibitor (CKI) proteins p21 Cip-1/WAF1/mda6 (p21), p27 Kip-1 (p27), p16 INK4a (p16), and ...

Invasion of carcinoma cells is the result of a disequilibrium between invasion promoter and invasion suppressor gene products (1). The E-cadherin/catenin complex is the most potent invasion suppressor at the cell membrane of epithelioid cells (2).This complex consists of E-cadherin, a ...

It is becoming more and more clear that angiogenic mechanisms leading to structural formation of blood vessels are very complex, and understanding them depends on studies performed by means of a wide methodological spectrum ranging from molecular biological techniques to morpholo ...

Angiogenesis is the growth of new vessels from existing vessels. It is important in the physiological processes of wound healing, embryogenesis, and the female menstrual cycle and involved in pathologies such as diabetic retinopathy and rheumatoid arthritis (1). There is now abundant e ...

Cell adhesion is a process fundamental to tumor metastasis. Egress of cells from tumors and their entry into secondary tissues requires the regulated adhesion that underlies the process of cell migration. Thus, adhesion molecules must bind and release counter-receptors on the adhesive ...

Tumors are microecosystems in which a continuous cross-talk between cancer cells and host cells decides on the invasive behavior of the tumor cell population as a whole (1). Both compartments secrete activating and inhibitory factors that modulate activities such as cell-extracellu ...

Metastasis is the final step in tumor progression from a benign cell to a fully malignant cell. The metastatic phenotype results from a wide range of phenotypic changes in the cell from the expression of proteinases, to adhesion molecules, the loss of proteinase inhibitors and tumor suppressor ...

In metastasis research, it may sometimes be necessary to separate populations of tumor cells from a mixed cell population such as a tumor, peripheral blood, or bone marrow. In addition, the normal counterparts of populations of tumor cells can be separated to allow direct comparisons to be made (1) ...

Our understanding of the cancer metastatic process has advanced considerably in recent years. However, the early stages of tumor progression and micrometastasis formation have been difficult to analyze. These studies are hampered by the inability to identify small numbers of tumor c ...

The interaction between tumor and host cells determines to a large extent the outcome, namely tumor growth and progression toward metastases or tumor arrest, dormancy, or rejection. Most of the studies published so far on interactions of tumor cells and host cells were made in vitro and dealt with a ...

In the past 10 years, we have developed a new approach to the development of a clinically accurate rodent model for human cancer based on our invention of surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI). The SOI models have been described in approx 70 publications (2-72) and in four patents.* SOI allows human t ...

Cancer is a prevalent and poorly understood disease in human populations. It is generally viewed as a complex, genetic, multistep process involving a series of independent events, each of which creates an incremental phenotypic aberration. For example, the capabilities for extended pr ...